# Moral orienting systems: reconceptualizing moral injury as moral disorientation

## TL;DR

The paper introduces a new framework for understanding moral injury as moral disorientation, emphasizing systemic and dynamic factors rather than individual symptoms.

## Contribution

The novel Moral Orienting Systems (MOS) framework shifts focus from reactive symptomology to proactive moral identity stabilization.

## Key findings

- Moral wellbeing is a dynamic relation between moral stress and the stability of one's moral orientation.
- Existing measures like MIES and MIOS fail to capture chronic, non-event-based moral erosion.
- A proposed Moral Orienting System Assessment (MOSA) could guide systemic interventions.

## Abstract

Current conceptualizations of moral injury are limited by a reactive, symptom-based focus that risks pathologizing what are often systemic failures. This paper proposes a shift from a “triage model” to a proactive framework of Moral Orienting Systems (MOS). We define a moral orienting system as the dynamic stabilizing interplay of meaningful values, beliefs, behaviors, and relationships that shape moral identity. Drawing on chaplaincy experiences and interdisciplinary theory, we argue that moral wellbeing is not a static trait but a dynamic relation between an individual’s moral stress and the stability and strength of their moral orientation. When systemic strength is sufficient to metabolize stress, the result is moral affirmation; when overwhelmed, the result is moral disorientation. We contrast this framework with existing measures (e.g., MIES, MIOS) to highlight their limitations in capturing chronic, non-event-based moral erosion. Finally, we close by noting the need for a Moral Orienting System Assessment (MOSA) as an operational tool to map these vectors, offering a multi-actor case study to demonstrate how this framework might guide systemic intervention and moral reorientation.