Bibliometric analysis of ketogenic diet for pain based on dual databases: global trends and research hotspots from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus (2006–2025)

TL;DR

This study analyzes global research trends on the ketogenic diet's role in pain management from 2006 to 2025, identifying key themes and hotspots.

Contribution

It provides the first bibliometric analysis of ketogenic diet research for pain, revealing emerging trends and collaborative networks.

Findings

KD research on pain has shown a steady increase from 2006 to 2021, followed by high-level fluctuations until 2025.

Three major research themes emerged: analgesic effects, neuroprotection, and mood/metabolic improvements.

The United States led in research output, with Nutrients and Cephalalgia as key journals.

Abstract

The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated beneficial effects on pain, yet no bibliometric study has systematically explored this association. This study aimed to evaluate global research trends and emerging hotspots on “ketogenic diet for pain” from 2006 to 2025, providing quantitative evidence and forward-looking perspectives for future basic and clinical research.

Publications from 2006 to 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus databases. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix (R package), VOSviewer, and CiteSpace to assess performance and generate visualizations.

This study included 328 eligible publications from the WoSCC and 786 from the Scopus database. From 2006 to 2021, the annual number of publications on KD–related pain research showed a sustained upward trend, followed by a phase of high-level fluctuation between 2022 and 2025. The United States emerged as the leading contributing country. An international collaboration network was formed, with the University of Basel (Switzerland) and Sapienza University of Rome (Italy) serving as central hubs. Nutrients published the largest number of articles and received widespread citations, whereas Cephalalgia was the most frequently cited journal. Nutrients and Epilepsia functioned as key academic collaboration hubs. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering analyses identified three major thematic domains: (1) the direct analgesic effects of the KD and its role in the management of chronic inflammatory pain; (2) the neuroprotective mechanisms of the KD and its synergistic analgesic effects when combined with pharmacological therapies; and (3) the improvement of comorbid mood disorders and the mitigation of metabolic risks associated with ketogenic dietary interventions. Current research hotspots focus on dietary strategies for migraine management, the application of KD in chronic pain conditions, and ketone body–mediated anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory mechanisms.

Research on the beneficial role of KD in pain management has attracted growing global attention and is expected to become an important direction in future pain management. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric overview of the current status and research hotspots, offering valuable guidance for subsequent investigations.

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