# Impact of dalteparin sodium and luteal phase support on serum markers, interleukins, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with in vitro fertilisation failure

## TL;DR

This study shows that combining dalteparin sodium with luteal phase support improves pregnancy outcomes and quality of life in women with repeated IVF failures.

## Contribution

The novel finding is that adding dalteparin sodium to luteal phase support improves clinical outcomes and modulates serum markers in IVF failure patients.

## Key findings

- The experimental group had higher clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation rates compared to the control group.
- The experimental group showed lower miscarriage rates and reduced levels of CA-125 and IL-6.
- Quality of life measures improved significantly in the experimental group with no increase in adverse reactions.

## Abstract

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) remains a challenging treatment for infertility, particularly in patients with repeated implantation failures. Dalteparin sodium (DS), a low-molecular-weight heparin, has shown promise in improving IVF outcomes due to its antithrombotic and immunomodulatory properties. This study evaluated the impact of DS combined with luteal phase support (LPS) on serum markers, interleukins, pregnancy outcomes, quality of life (QOL), and social support in women with prior in vitro fertilisation (IVF) failures.

This retrospective study included 80 patients with a history of repeated IVF failure who underwent assisted reproduction at our centre. Patients were randomised to receive either LPS alone (Ctrl; n = 40) or LPS plus daily subcutaneous DS (Exp; n=40). Serum levels of b-hCG, FSH, E2, LH, CA-125, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured and compared between the groups.

The Exp group demonstrated significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) and embryo implantation rates (EIR) compared to the Ctrl group (P < 0 .0 5 ). Additionally, the miscarriage rate (MCR) was significantly lower in the Experimental group (P< 0.05). Moreover, the Exp group exhibited significantly lower serum levels of CA-125 and IL-6 compared to the Ctrl group (P< 0.05). Improvements in quality of life (QOL) measures were also observed in the Exp group, with significant increases in physiological function, social function, emotional function, and mental health (P< 0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (ARs) was found between the two groups (P> 0.05).

The combination of LPS and DS appears to be a safe and effective strategy for improving pregnancy outcomes and QOL in patients with repeated IVF failure. This combined treatment may exert its beneficial effects by modulating key serum markers and interleukins, such as CA-125 and IL-6, involved in implantation and pregnancy maintenance.