# Scalability Metrics and Effort Requirements for a Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Treatment Program

**Authors:** Joshua P Havens, Jennifer O’Neill, Maureen Kubat, Shawnalyn W Sunagawa, Jennifer M Davis, Nada Fadul, Joshua Lechner, Sara H Bares

PMC · DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofag116 · 2026-03-04

## TL;DR

This paper examines the effort and resources needed to scale a long-acting injectable HIV treatment program, showing it is feasible despite high operational demands.

## Contribution

The study quantifies the multidisciplinary effort required to scale an injectable antiretroviral treatment program in real-world settings.

## Key findings

- Scaling to 113 patients required 2.25 full-time equivalents over 2.5 years.
- Clinical outcomes were favorable despite high operational demands.
- The program demonstrated real-world feasibility and scalability.

## Abstract

Implementation of a long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment program requires substantial multidisciplinary effort, particularly for program coordination, coverage/billing, and patient support/retention. As our program scaled to 113 patients over 2.5 years, a total of 2.25 full-time equivalents were required. Despite operational demands, clinical outcomes were favorable, supporting real-world feasibility and scalability.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** level viremia (MESH:D014766), hepatitis B (MESH:D006509), HIV (MESH:D015658), LAI (MESH:C000719195), SCC (MESH:D003428), Infectious Diseases (MESH:D003141), low (MESH:D009800)
- **Chemicals:** rilpivirine (MESH:D000068696), FTE (-), cabotegravir (MESH:C584914)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (no rank) [taxon 11676]

## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12981548/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12981548