# Interim Estimates of 2025–26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, September 2025–February 2026

**Authors:** Patrick Maloney, Emily L. Reeves, Kristina Wielgosz, Ashley M. Price, Karthik Natarajan, Malini B. DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Nicola P. Klein, Sara Y. Tartof, Stephanie A. Irving, Shaun J. Grannis, Toan C. Ong, Zachary A. Weber, Jennifer E. Schuster, Danielle M. Zerr, Marian G. Michaels, Julie A. Boom, Natasha B. Halasa, Mary A. Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Stacey L. House, Elie A. Saade, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J. Wernli, Vel Murugan, Emily T. Martin, Natalie A. B. Bontrager, Marie K. Kirby, Amanda B. Payne, Fatimah S. Dawood, Ayzsa Tannis, Heidi L. Moline, Sifang Kathy Zhao, Katherine Adams, Jennifer DeCuir, Samantha M. Olson, Jessie R. Chung, Nathaniel Lewis, Brendan Flannery, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington, Omobosola Akinsete, Sarah W. Ball, Michelle A. Barron, Daniel Bride, Brian E. Dixon, John Hansen, David Mayer, Charlene McEvoy, Allison L. Naleway, Varsha Neelam, Caitlin Ray, Colin Rogerson, S. Bianca Salas, Tamara Sheffield, Lina S. Sy, Duck-Hye Yang, Ousseny Zerbo, Tara Curley, Kiran A. Faryar, Joanna Kramer, Jay Krishnan, Taylor Kristicevich, Aleda M. Leis, Amanda McKillop, Lora Nordstrom, Leah Odame-Bamfo, Ivana A. Vaughn, Emmanuel B. Walter, Elizabeth Wettick, Brianna M. Wickersham, Olivia L. Williams, Brian D. Williamson, Richard K. Zimmerman, Haris M. Ahmad, Christina Albertin, Vasanthi Avadhanula, James D. Chappell, Juliana DaSilva, Janet A. Englund, Megan C. Freeman, Lisa M. Keong, Eileen J. Klein, Mary E. Moffatt, Daniel C. Payne, Leila C. Sahni, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Laura S. Stewart, Peter G. Szilagyi, John V. Williams

PMC · DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a2 · 2026-03-12

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** influenza (MESH:D007251), respiratory illness (MESH:D012140)
- **Species:** H3N2 subtype (serotype) [taxon 119210], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12981535