# Hydrogel Micro/Nanostructures for the Delivery of Oncolytic Viruses: Overcoming Limitations and Improving Efficacy

## TL;DR

This review explores how hydrogel micro/nanostructures can improve the delivery and effectiveness of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of hydrogel-based strategies to overcome limitations in oncolytic virotherapy.

## Key findings

- Hydrogels offer controlled release and precise delivery of oncolytic viruses.
- Hydrogels can enhance therapeutic efficacy by combining with other treatments.
- Hydrogels help overcome challenges like immune clearance and non-specific localization.

## Abstract

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted accumulating attention in cancer therapy owing to their ability to replicate in and kill tumor cells, resulting in the stimulation of immune responses for eradicating residual and distant malignant cells. Despite milestone achievements in the development of OVs, which led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in 2015 against melanoma, there are some hurdles limiting their translation from the bench to the clinic, such as non-specific localization, host immune response against OVs and their clearance, and low efficiency as a monotherapy. Delivery of OVs with nano-biomaterials is a promising approach to address the drawback of oncolytic virotherapy. Hydrogels, with their tunable characteristics and versatile properties, offer a promising platform for the controlled release, precise delivery, and therapeutic enhancement of OVs in combination with other therapeutic agents in the treatment of cancers. This review aims to provide a deep insight into the types and development of OVs and their application in clinical trials and then will discuss the characteristics of hydrogels and how they improve the therapeutic efficacy of OVs.