# Hyperthyroidism complicated with diabetes mellitus using the health promotion model: changes in thyroid hormones, glucose-lipid metabolism, and inflammatory markers

## TL;DR

A health promotion model intervention improved thyroid and metabolic health in patients with both hyperthyroidism and diabetes.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of a Health Promotion Model-based intervention in managing hyperthyroidism and diabetes comorbidity.

## Key findings

- HPM group showed greater reductions in thyroid hormones and improvements in TSH compared to the conventional group.
- Significant improvements in glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers were observed in the HPM group.
- HPM intervention disrupted the thyroid-glycolipid-inflammation axis through behavioral and cognitive strategies.

## Abstract

To investigate the effects of a Health Promotion Model (HPM)-based comprehensive intervention on thyroid hormones, glucose-lipid metabolism, and inflammatory markers in patients with hyperthyroidism (HT) complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM), and to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.

A total of 142 patients diagnosed with HT and DM between January 2024 and January 2025 were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups: the HPM group (n = 64), which received a structured HPM-based intervention, and the conventional group (n = 78), which underwent standard management. Laboratory assessments were conducted before and after the intervention to evaluate thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, TSH), glucose-lipid metabolism parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG]), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-1p/6 [IL-1 b/IL-6]). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.

Compared to the conventional group, the HPM group exhibited significantly greater improvements in thyroid function, with more pronounced reductions in FT3 and FT4 (P< 0.001) and a greater increase in TSH (P< 0.001). Regarding glucose-lipid metabolism, significantly larger decreases in FPG, HbA1c, TC, and TG were identified in the HPM group (P< 0.001). Among inflammatory markers, the HPM group showed significant reductions in hs-CRP IL-1 b, IL-6, MIP-1a, and MMP-9 (P< 0.001), whereas the conventional group only exhibited improvements in hs-CRP and IL-1 b (P< 0.001).

The HPM-based intervention effectively disrupts the 'thyroid-glycolipid-inflammation' axis in HT-DM comorbidity through cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, and environmental support.