# Medication adherence barriers and digital support among Saudi adults with chronic conditions

## TL;DR

This study explores why Saudi adults with chronic conditions don't take their medications as prescribed and how digital tools might help improve adherence.

## Contribution

The study identifies gender-specific adherence patterns and the limited use of digital tools in Saudi Arabia for medication adherence.

## Key findings

- 30% of participants reported intentional non-adherence to medications.
- Forgetfulness and dislike of medications were the most common reasons for non-adherence.
- Only 24.2% of participants used digital tools, primarily for reminders.

## Abstract

Medication adherence is essential for managing chronic diseases, yet non-adherence remains a significant public health issue globally and regionally. In Saudi Arabia, behavioral and systemic barriers to adherence are understudied, particularly regarding the role of digital tools. To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to medication adherence among adults with chronic conditions in Saudi Arabia and to identify barriers and facilitators influencing adherence, including digital support tools. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Q1 2025 across multiple regions in Saudi Arabia. Adults with chronic illnesses were recruited using convenience sampling. A validated electronic questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitudes, intentional non-adherence, and digital tool use. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of non-adherence. A total of 950 participants were included (mean age: 48.6 years; 73.9% female). Although 65.9% strongly agreed on the importance of medication, 30.0% reported intentional non-adherence. Middle-aged adults (50–59 years) and males were more likely to alter or skip medications. Forgetfulness and dislike of medications were the most reported reasons. Only 24.2% used digital tools, primarily for reminders. Gender differences were observed in adherence strategies, with women more likely to use organizers and men relying on family or mobile apps. Positive beliefs about medication necessity were significantly associated with higher adherence and digital tool engagement. Medication adherence remains suboptimal among adults with chronic conditions in Saudi Arabia, influenced by demographic, behavioral, and technological factors. Tailored interventions addressing gender-specific needs, behavioral motivations, and digital literacy are warranted to improve long-term adherence and disease outcomes.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-40815-w.