# Radiation-entropy generation by leaf and negentropy build-up of plant as dissipative structure

## TL;DR

Plants use photosynthesis to generate entropy from light, allowing them to build negentropy for growth while obeying thermodynamic laws.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel thermodynamic framework showing how plants function as dissipative structures through radiation entropy generation.

## Key findings

- Plant leaves generate radiation entropy, enabling growth through negentropy buildup.
- The entropy-energy ratio amplification by a factor of c² determines negentropy buildup.
- Photosynthetic efficiency is limited by maximum PAR processing and negentropy debt.

## Abstract

Photosynthesis is a simple reaction for any plant, but it has not been achieved artificially due to the difficulty in radiation entropy production by processing PAR (photosynthetically active radiation). In this study, a plant is shown to be a self-organising dissipative structure; since, it’s leaf generates radiation entropy for the existence of plant with possible growth. Entropy-energy ratio (sE) of PAR released after processing (sE,rel) much exceeds sE of light absorbed, sE,in (< < sE,rel). Plant builds its negentropy \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left| {s_{{{\mathrm{neg}},{\mathrm{rad}}}} } \right|$$\end{document}sneg,rad by the difference, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$s_{{\mathrm{E,rel}}} - s_{{\mathrm{E,in}}}$$\end{document}sE,rel-sE,in , but only a part of this difference can be the source of free energy as plant-growth. The remaining part of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left| {s_{{{\mathrm{neg}},{\mathrm{rad}}}} } \right|$$\end{document}sneg,rad is dissipated as the excess payment of negentropy debt, towards mandatory 2nd Law compliance. Change from low sE,in to high sE,rel by the plant-leaf is amplified by a huge factor, c2, while determining \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left| {s_{{{\mathrm{neg}},{\mathrm{rad}}}} } \right|$$\end{document}sneg,rad; where, c is the speed of light. Therefore, even a small increase in sE,rel and small reduction in sE,in can significantly increase \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left| {s_{{{\mathrm{neg}},{\mathrm{rad}}}} } \right|$$\end{document}sneg,rad. Thermodynamic performance of photosynthesis depends on the processing level of PAR, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\Pi_{{{\mathrm{E}},{\mathrm{leaf}}}} = \left( {{{s_{{{\mathrm{E}},{\mathrm{rel}}}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{s_{{{\mathrm{E}},{\mathrm{rel}}}} } {s_{{{\mathrm{E}},{\mathrm{in}}}} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {s_{{{\mathrm{E}},{\mathrm{in}}}} }}} \right)$$\end{document}ΠE,leaf=sE,relsE,relsE,insE,in, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left| {s_{{{\mathrm{neg}},{\mathrm{rad}}}} } \right|$$\end{document}sneg,rad, and is limited by the maximum photosynthetic efficiency in PAR, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\upeta }_{{{\mathrm{ph}},{\mathrm{PAR}}\_{\mathrm{max}}}}$$\end{document}ηph,PAR_max (it increases with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\Pi_{{{\mathrm{E}},{\mathrm{leaf}}}}$$\end{document}ΠE,leaf).