# The influence of immune factors on bone metabolism in autoimmune thyroid diseases

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how immune factors in autoimmune thyroid diseases also affect bone metabolism, linking these two biological processes.

## Contribution

Highlights the dual role of immune factors in autoimmune thyroid diseases and bone metabolism, offering new insights into their interplay.

## Key findings

- Immune cells and cytokines in autoimmune thyroid diseases regulate bone resorption and formation.
- Thyroid autoantibodies may influence bone metabolism through oxidative stress mechanisms.

## Abstract

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) primarily includes Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), which share common features such as the presence of thyroid autoantibodies and lymphocyte infiltration. Studies have shown that immune cells and their secreted cytokines in AITD not only participate in thyroid autoimmune responses but also regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity in bone metabolism, affecting bone resorption and formation. Additionally, thyroid autoantibodies may directly affect bone metabolism through mechanisms like oxidative stress. This review emphasizes the dual role of immune factors in AITD in bone metabolism, providing new perspectives for understanding the relationship between these two diseases.