Perfil de Morte por Todas as Causas e o Comportamento das Doenças do Aparelho Circulatório na Infância entre 2019 e 2022 no Brasil

TL;DR

This study examines mortality trends in children under 20 in Brazil from 2019 to 2022, focusing on circulatory diseases and cardiorespiratory arrest during the pandemic.

Contribution

The paper provides new insights into the impact of the pandemic on mortality rates from circulatory diseases in children and adolescents in Brazil.

Findings

Mortality rates decreased by 9% from 2019 to 2020 but increased by 4.08% from 2021 to 2022.

The highest mortality rates were observed in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.

Mortality from circulatory diseases increased in 2022 despite a decline in earlier years.

Abstract

Entre 2020 e 2023, a pandemia da COVID-19 impactou diretamente a saúde da população. No Brasil, faltam estudos sobre correlação entre mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório (DAC) e parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) em menores de 20 anos nesse período.

Analisar as taxas de mortalidade (TxM) por causas básicas de morte em menores de 20 anos no Brasil de 2019 a 2022, considerando DAC e PCR, para entender o impacto da pandemia.

Estudo ecológico de série temporal entre 2019 e 2022, focando nos óbitos de menores de 20 anos. Analisaram-se as TxM e a mortalidade proporcional (MP) por causa de óbito, com dados obtidos do DATASUS. Utilizou-se STATA e Excel para análise estatística.

Entre 2019 e 2022, ocorreram 243.358 óbitos em menores de 20 anos, com uma TxM de 101,7 por 100 mil habitantes, sendo maior entre os menores de 1 ano. As principais causas de morte foram perinatais, externas e malformações congênitas. Observou-se redução de 9% na TxM entre 2019 e 2020, seguida de aumento de 4,08% entre 2021 e 2022, e queda de 10% no número de nascidos vivos. As maiores TxM foram nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Embora a TxM por DAC tenha diminuído entre 2019 e 2021, houve aumento em 2022. A descrição de PCR como causa de óbito foi pouco expressiva.

Houve redução na TxM por todas as causas e aumento por DAC em maiores de 15 anos durante a pandemia, destacando a disparidade nas regiões de menor renda.

Figura Central:Perfil de Morte por Todas as Causas e o Comportamento das Doenças do Aparelho Circulatório na Infância entre 2019 e 2022 no BrasilDAC: doença do aparelho circulatório; V-TxMTC: variação da taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas entre 2019 e 2022; V-TxMDAC: variação da taxa de mortalidade por DAC entre 2019 e 2022; Renda: renda per capita em reais.

Between 2020 and 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had a direct impact on population health. In Brazil, there is a lack of studies on the correlation between mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) and cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) among people younger than 20 years during this period.

To analyze, using DCS and CRA, the mortality rates (MRs) due to underlying causes of death among people younger than 20 years in Brazil from 2019 to 2022 to understand the impact of the pandemic.

Ecological time-series study conducted between 2019 and 2022, focusing on deaths among people younger than 20 years. The analysis included the MRs and proportional mortality (PM) by cause of death, with data obtained from the DATASUS. Stata and Excel were used for statistical analysis.

Between 2019 and 2022, there were 243,358 deaths among people younger than 20 years, with an MR of 101.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, which was higher among children younger than 1 year. The main causes of death were perinatal, external, and congenital malformations. There was a 9% reduction in MR between 2019 and 2020, followed by a 4.08% increase between 2021 and 2022, along with a 10% decrease in the number of live births. The highest MRs were in the North and Northeast regions. The MRs by DCS decreased between 2019 and 2021 but increased in 2022. Reporting of CRA as the cause of death was infrequent.

There was a reduction in MRs due to all causes and an increase in DCS in people older than 15 years during the pandemic, with disparities in lower-income regions.

Central Illustration:Profile of Mortality Due to All Causes and Patterns of Diseases of the Circulatory System in Childhood Between 2019 and 2022 in BrazilDCS: diseases of the circulatory system; C-ACMR: Change in All-Cause Mortality Rate between 2019 and 2022; C-DCSMR: Change in DCS Mortality Rate between 2019 and 2022; Income: Per Capita Income in Reais.

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