Recurrent Primary Extracranial Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare Scalp Tumor

TL;DR

A rare case of a scalp tumor called extracranial meningioma is reported, highlighting its diagnosis and treatment challenges.

Contribution

This case report adds to the limited literature on primary extracranial meningiomas and emphasizes their diagnostic difficulties.

Findings

Extracranial meningiomas can present as slow-growing scalp tumors and are often misdiagnosed.

Complete surgical excision is the main treatment, but recurrence is possible.

Awareness of imaging and pathological features is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Abstract

Extracranial meningiomas are rare tumors that arise outside the cranial cavity and can clinically mimic benign soft tissue lesions. Due to their slow growth and nonspecific appearance, they are often misdiagnosed. Complete surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment. A 35-year-old female presented with a three-year history of a painless, slowly growing left frontal scalp swelling. On examination, the lesion measured approximately 3-4 cm in diameter, was firm, had normal overlying skin, was very sensitive to touch, and showed no neurological deficits. Surgical excision was performed under general anesthesia. A well-defined lesion was identified and completely excised. At follow-up, the patient developed a recurrent small tumor after seven months and was closely observed. Primary extracranial meningiomas (PEMs) are rare tumors that may involve the scalp. The origin and pathogenesis of PEMs remain theoretical; awareness of their imaging and pathological characteristics is essential for accurate diagnosis. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality, with outcomes depending on tumor characteristics and completeness of resection.

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