Integrative analysis of mRNA stability regulation uncovers a metastasis-suppressive program in breast cancer

TL;DR

This study reveals how mRNA stability, controlled by specific proteins like RBMS3, suppresses breast cancer metastasis through a newly identified regulatory mechanism.

Contribution

The study introduces GreyHound, a deep-learning model that identifies posttranscriptional regulators of mRNA stability linked to metastasis suppression in breast cancer.

Findings

GreyHound identified RBMS3 and TXNIP as key regulators of mRNA stability in breast cancer.

RBMS3 depletion increases metastatic potential and is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

RBMS3-mediated regulation of TXNIP mRNA stability suppresses cancer metastasis in vivo.

Abstract

Heterogeneity in cancer gene expression is typically linked to genetic and epigenetic alterations, yet the extent of contribution from posttranscriptional regulation remains unclear. Here, we systematically measured messenger RNA (mRNA) dynamics across diverse breast cancer models, revealing that mRNA stability substantially shapes gene expression variability. To decipher these dynamics, we developed GreyHound, an interpretable multimodal deep-learning framework integrating RNA sequence features and RNA binding protein (RBP) expression. GreyHound identified an extensive network of RBPs and their regulons underlying variations in mRNA stability, including a regulatory axis centered on RBP RBMS3 and redox regulator TXNIP. RBMS3 depletion resulted in targeted transcript destabilization—associated with poor clinical outcomes and enhanced metastatic potential in xenograft models. In vivo epistasis studies confirmed that RBMS3-mediated regulation of TXNIP mRNA stability drives this metastasis-suppressive program. These findings identify a key posttranscriptional mechanism in breast cancer and illustrate how interpretable models of RNA dynamics can uncover regulatory programs in disease.

A deep-learning model links RNA stability control to breast cancer metastasis via a key posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism.

Figures