# Key technical-tactical structures and anthropometric predictors of success in elite K1 kickboxing: a logistic regression based model

## TL;DR

This study identifies key technical-tactical moves and physical traits that predict success in elite K1 kickboxing matches.

## Contribution

A novel logistic regression model integrating technical-tactical and anthropometric factors to predict K1 kickboxing match outcomes.

## Key findings

- The rear-hand uppercut to the head, lead-hand hook to the head, and low rear-leg roundhouse kick to the lead leg significantly increase winning odds.
- Defensive hand blocks against punches or leg strikes decrease winning odds, suggesting they are reactive moves.
- Greater height is associated with a 9.8% increase in the odds of winning per centimeter.

## Abstract

K1 kickboxing is an elite combat sport that combines striking techniques (punches, kicks, knee strikes) with tactical decision-making and anthropometric advantages. Success in K1 matches depends on both technical-tactical (TE-TA) structures and physical characteristics. However, few studies have developed comprehensive predictive models that integrate these factors to explain match outcomes in elite K1 competition.

This study was to identify a model of success that incorporates key technical-tactical (TE-TA) structures and anthropometric characteristics that predict the outcome of kickboxing matches under K1 rules.

A total of 96 qualifying matches for the K1 Final Grand Prix in Japan, comprising 192 fighter appearances from tournaments held between 1995 and 2012, were analyzed using logistic regression. Model fit was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and discriminative power was assessed via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.

The Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ2 = 9.93, p > 0.05) indicated a good model fit, while the Receiver Operating Characteristic ROC analysis (area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.84 demonstrated high discriminative power. The largest positive effects were observed for the rear-hand uppercut to the head, the lead-hand hook to the head, and the low rear-leg roundhouse kick to the lead leg, with each additional successful execution being associated with a 23.0%, 17.3%, and 12.6% increase in the odds of winning, respectively (e.g., OR = 1.23 for the rear-hand uppercut). Conversely, defensive structures involving hand blocks, whether against punches or leg strikes, were associated with 4.2% and 10.4% decreases in the odds of winning, respectively, suggesting these may be reactive structures taken under pressure. Additionally, each centimeter of greater height was associated with a 9.8% increase in the odds of winning.

These findings provide expert coaches and scientists with guidance for optimizing contemporary training systems, enhancing tactical decision-making, and implementing predictive accuracy in elite-level kickboxing.