Advances in Surface Biofunctionalization and Intelligent Monitoring of Vascular Scaffolds

TL;DR

This paper reviews new methods to improve vascular scaffolds by modifying their surfaces and using smart monitoring systems to prevent blood clots and other complications.

Contribution

The paper introduces novel surface biofunctionalization techniques and intelligent monitoring systems to enhance vascular scaffold performance.

Findings

Surface biofunctionalization can prevent thrombosis and promote endothelialization.

Flexible bioelectronics enable real-time monitoring of hemodynamics and restenosis.

Biodegradable elastic polymers are key materials for next-generation vascular scaffolds.

Abstract

Vascular scaffolds are fundamental devices in treating vascular occlusions, aneurysms, and hemodialysis access. However, their long-term efficacy is often compromised by 2 major pathophysiological responses: acute thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, underscoring the need for effective antithrombotic treatment and intensive surveillance. This review highlights the emerging approaches used to address such challenges in vascular scaffolds: surface biofunctionalization and intelligent monitoring systems. We first introduce the leading biodegradable elastic polymers for vascular scaffolds, followed by a comprehensive overview of surface biofunctionalization techniques for preventing thrombosis and promoting endothelialization. The review further explores the cutting-edge advances in integrating flexible bioelectronics with cardiovascular implants for intelligent real-time monitoring of hemodynamics, thrombosis, and restenosis. It concludes with a discussion of the remaining challenges and future perspectives, thereby promoting the development of more effective cardiovascular therapies and their clinical applications.

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