# The influence of structured reporting on the accuracy of head and neck sonographies

## TL;DR

This study shows that structured reports improve the accuracy and completeness of head and neck ultrasound reports compared to free text reports.

## Contribution

The study provides the first evidence that structured reporting improves report accuracy in head and neck sonography.

## Key findings

- Structured reports showed significantly higher accuracy and completeness compared to free text reports.
- There was a strong positive correlation between completeness and accuracy using structured reports.
- Structured reporting was the only significant predictor of improved report accuracy and completeness.

## Abstract

The use of structured reports (SR) has been shown to improve report completeness, time efficiency and interrater reliability in head and neck sonography (HNS). However, no data exists to date on the influence on report accuracy in terms of correct interpretation of findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate report accuracy as well as completeness using SR and free text reports (FTR). 128 participants of certified HNS courses were randomly assigned to create either SRs or FTR of predefined clinical cases. Demographic data, clinical training level and ultrasound experience of participants were documented prior to randomization. Each case included ultrasound images and clinical histories representing typical pathologies in HNS. Reports were independently evaluated by DEGUM-certified otorhinolaryngologists using standardized templates with respect to accuracy and completeness. SR demonstrated significantly higher accuracy (p < 0.001) as well as completeness (p < 0.001) compared to FTR. A strong positive correlation was found between completeness and accuracy using SR (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) only. Additionally, use of SR was the only significant predictor of improved report accuracy (p < 0.01) and completeness (p < 0.01). Structured reporting significantly improves both completeness and accuracy in head and neck ultrasound reports. The use of SR may contribute to more consistent reporting quality in clinical and educational settings.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-43561-1.