# Fostering engagement in EFL listening: how teacher autonomy support mediates the impact of academic emotions

## TL;DR

This study explores how emotions and teacher support affect student engagement in EFL listening, showing that positive emotions and autonomy support boost engagement.

## Contribution

The study reveals a multi-path system where academic emotions and autonomy support interact to influence EFL listening engagement.

## Key findings

- Enjoyment most directly enhances learning engagement in EFL listening.
- Hopelessness and anger reduce affective and behavioral engagement, respectively.
- Autonomy support transforms pride and anxiety into positive drivers for engagement.

## Abstract

This study investigates how academic emotions and autonomy support shape engagement in English as a foreign language (EFL) listening, a skill that receives less research attention than reading, writing, or speaking. Two hundred and nineteen Chinese undergraduates completed scales on academic emotions, perceived autonomy support, and their behavioral and emotional engagement in listening activities. We found that the impact of academic emotions on listening learning engagement presented a complex, multi-path system. The results showed that enjoyment most directly and powerfully enhanced learning engagement, while hopelessness and anger directly diminished affective and behavioral engagement, respectively. Meanwhile, although pride and anxiety did not have a direct effect, they could indirectly be transformed into positive drivers by stimulating students’ perception of teacher autonomy support; conversely, boredom indirectly inhibited engagement by undermining such support. Our findings suggest that comprehension difficulties can sharpen students’ emotional responses, and these feelings, in turn, influence their engagement in listening tasks. This study indicates that an autonomy-supportive learning environment can foster students’ positive emotional experiences and promote their engagement in EFL listening.