Muscling in on immunity: the role of muscle in the insect immune response, demonstrating the value of a whole organism perspective
Shelley A. Adamo

TL;DR
Insects use muscle tissue to support their immune system, which helps fight pathogens but also causes a decline in muscle function and increased vulnerability to predators.
Contribution
This paper highlights the novel role of muscle in insect immunity, emphasizing physiological trade-offs and resource allocation.
Findings
Muscle produces antimicrobial peptides and releases myokinins to support immune defense.
Muscle undergoes insulin resistance and glycogen breakdown to provide glucose for immune cells.
Immune support by muscle leads to reduced anti-predator behavior and potential trade-offs with reproduction.
Abstract
Insects have robust immune systems to protect themselves against pathogens. However, the immune system relies on the support of a number of organs for effective immune defense. Muscle plays an unexpectedly key role in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in insects. During an immune response, muscle responds to increasing cytokine levels by producing antimicrobial peptides. Muscle also shifts resources toward the immune system by releasing myokinins and other factors. These compounds reduce insulin-like peptide release from the brain. In addition, muscle undergoes insulin resistance, further reducing its uptake of glucose. Muscle also donates its own resources, breaking down glycogen to support the hemocytes’ need for glucose during cell-mediated immunity. However, this support of immune function results in a decline in muscular capacity, leading to reduced anti-predator behavior and…
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Taxonomy
TopicsInvertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms · Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research · Animal Behavior and Reproduction
