Impact of nutritional source modality on weight loss and BMI reduction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

TL;DR

This study compares how different nutrition methods affect weight and BMI in children after a stem cell transplant, finding that enteral nutrition helps maintain BMI better than other methods.

Contribution

The study provides new evidence on the impact of nutrition modality on BMI and hospitalization length in pediatric allo-HSCT patients.

Findings

Enteral nutrition (EN) was associated with the smallest BMI decrease compared to other methods.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) led to the highest BMI decrease in patients.

Hospitalization length was shortest for patients receiving enteral nutrition.

Abstract

Deterioration of nutritional status in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients is associated with increased morbidity. Enteral nutrition (EN) has been associated with more favorable outcomes than total parenteral nutrition (TPN); however, TPN remains the first-line nutritional source in many pediatric transplant centers because of health providers and caregiver limitations and biases. Oral nutritional (ON) source may help overcome these limitations, but evidence supporting efficacy in allo-HSCT recipients is currently lacking. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of three nutritional source modalities (ON, EN, and parenteral nutrition) on nutritional status in 125 children undergoing allo-HSCT in two Italian pediatric centers. Secondary endpoints included associations between nutrition modality and several allo-HSCT outcomes: time to engraftment, length of hospitalization, and incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). A total of 41 patients received TPN, 47/125 received ON, and 37/125 received EN. Patients supported by EN experienced a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) decrease compared to others (−0.45; range −2.18 to 3.95; IQR −0.67 to −0.15 kg/m2; p < 0.05), while a significantly higher decrease occurred in patients who received TPN compared to all others (−1.1; range −9.86 to 0.58; IQR −1.78 to −0.36; p < 0.05); ON was associated with an intermediate outcome (−0.91; range −4.09 to 12.29; IQR −1.66 to −0.06). BMI decrease is greater in male patients (p < 0.05). The length of hospitalization was strongly correlated with nutritional support (p < 0.001), with EN associated with the lowest median time of admission length. Nutrition support modality did not significantly correlate with severe aGvHD in our analysis, nor was there correlation with time to neutrophil or platelet engraftment.

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