# The constrained disorder principle accounts for quantum effects in biological systems

**Authors:** Yaron Ilan

PMC · DOI: 10.25122/jml-2025-0109 · 2026-01-01

## TL;DR

The paper introduces the constrained disorder principle, which explains how variability and quantum effects contribute to biological system functionality and adaptation.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the application of the constrained disorder principle to explain quantum effects in biological systems and their potential for enhancing functionality.

## Key findings

- The constrained disorder principle accounts for internal and external noise in biological systems.
- Quantum randomness can be harnessed to improve biological system efficiency and address malfunctions.
- CDP-based AI systems introduce variability to enhance biological processes.

## Abstract

The constrained disorder principle (CDP) defines all systems in the universe by their inherent variability and underlies their proper functioning. According to this principle, variability underlies every biological process and is fundamental to the proper functioning of systems. The CDP explains that internal and external noise is necessary for biological systems to function appropriately, provided it is kept within dynamic boundaries, enabling adaptation to perturbations. Many phenomena in biological systems are complex to describe using current rules, but can be explained by quantum effects. The paper discusses data on quantum randomness, which may be attributed to the CDP. It describes CDP-based second-generation artificial intelligence systems that introduce variability into biological systems to enhance their functionality. The paper outlines the potential of utilizing CDP-based quantum randomness for various applications, including leveraging quantifiable variables of quantum randomness to address malfunctions in biological processes and enhance the efficiency of biological systems.

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12973908