# Grand Challenges and Opportunities in Stimulated Dynamic and Resonant Catalysis

## TL;DR

This paper explores how dynamic and resonant catalysts can overcome traditional catalysis limits by using external stimuli to control reactions more efficiently.

## Contribution

The paper introduces the novel concept of 'stimulando' characterization to study transient catalytic dynamics and proposes strategies to advance the field.

## Key findings

- Dynamic and resonant catalysts can surpass traditional kinetic and thermodynamic limits in catalysis.
- External stimuli like light and electric charge can alter catalyst surfaces and improve reaction control.
- New characterization and modeling approaches are needed to fully realize the potential of dynamic catalysis.

## Abstract

Traditional heterogeneous
catalysis is constrained by kinetic and
thermodynamic limits, such as the Sabatier principle and reaction
equilibrium. Dynamic and resonant catalysts hold promise to overcome
these limitations by actively oscillating a catalyst’s physical
or electronic structure at the time scale of the catalytic cycle,
allowing programmable control over reaction pathways, and leading
to improved rate and selectivity. External stimuli such as temperature
swing, mechanical strain, electric charge, and light can perturb catalyst
surfaces in different ways, altering adsorbate coverage, binding energies,
and transition states beyond what steady-state catalysis allows. This
work surveys the current state of dynamic catalysis, introduces the
concept of “stimulando” characterization
for observing transient dynamics, and outlines key modeling, mechanistic,
and benchmarking strategies to advance the field toward improved chemical
transformation.