# Efficacy and Safety of High-dose Furmonertinib plus Intrathecal Pemetrexed for EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastasis

**Authors:** Xin CHEN, Mingyang HE, Cen CHEN, Cheng JIANG, Huiying LI, Yongjuan LIN, Tingting YU, Yu XIE, Aibin GUO, Mingmin HUANG, Zhenyu YIN, Tianli ZHANG

PMC · DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2025.101.24 · Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer · 2025-12-20

## TL;DR

This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of high-dose furmonertinib plus intrathecal pemetrexed in treating EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis.

## Contribution

The study provides real-world evidence on a novel combination therapy for a rare and severe complication of lung cancer.

## Key findings

- The combination therapy achieved an 85% overall response rate and a median intracranial progression-free survival of 9.6 months.
- Median overall survival was 12.6 months, with 79.9% of patients surviving at 6 months.
- Combining the treatment with bevacizumab was associated with improved survival outcomes.

## Abstract

软脑膜转移（leptomeningeal metastasis, LM）是表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）突变型非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）的严重并发症，预后极差。第三代EGFR-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs）增加剂量虽可提升中枢神经系统药物浓度，但其单药疗效仍不足以有效控制疾病进展。培美曲塞鞘内注射（intrathecal Pemetrexed, IP）能够绕过血脑屏障，直接作用于脑脊液，为LM的局部治疗提供了新途径。然而，目前关于高剂量第三代EGFR-TKIs伏美替尼（160 mg/d）联合IP治疗EGFR突变型NSCLC-LM的临床疗效与安全性的研究数据仍较缺乏。因此，本研究旨在评估该联合方案在此类难治性患者中的有效性及安全性，以期为临床实践提供真实世界证据。

选择2021年6月至2024年12月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的40例EGFR突变型NSCLC-LM患者，其治疗方案均为高剂量伏美替尼（160 mg/d）联合IP治疗。通过系统收集患者的临床病例资料及随访信息，分析其颅内无进展生存期（intracranial progression-free survival, iPFS）和总生存期（overall survival, OS）、总体反应率和不良事件。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法，预后影响因素通过Cox比例风险回归进行多变量分析。

中位随访时间20.0个月，高剂量伏美替尼联合IP治疗在EGFR突变型NSCLC-LM患者中展现出显著疗效：总体反应率为85.0%，iPFS为9.6个月，中位OS为12.6个月，6、12和24个月的OS率分别为79.9%、53.9%和27.0%。多因素分析表明，联合贝伐珠单抗治疗是独立的保护性预后因素[风险比（hazard ratio, HR）=0.283, 95%CI: 0.114-0.702, P=0.006]，而基线卡氏体能状态（Karnofsky performance status, KPS）评分较差是独立危险因素（HR=3.069, 95%CI: 1.313-7.170, P=0.010）。安全性方面，主要不良事件为骨髓抑制（42.5%）、转氨酶升高（22.5%）和消化道反应（恶心和/或呕吐20.0%），多数为1-2级。仅报告1例4级骨髓抑制，经支持治疗后好转。

高剂量伏美替尼联合IP在EGFR突变型NSCLC-LM患者中表现出显著疗效和可控的安全性，联合贝伐珠单抗可能进一步增加临床获益，为难治性患者提供了有前景的治疗策略。

Baseline characteristics of patients (n=40)

Patients’clinical manifestations (n=40)

Clinical efficacy evaluation

Univariate and multivariable Cox analysis of overall survival in LM patients

Adverse events [n (%)]

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 1956]
- **Chemicals:** Furmonertinib (PubChem CID 118861389), Pemetrexed (PubChem CID 135410875)
- **Diseases:** Non-small cell lung cancer (MONDO:0005233), Leptomeningeal metastasis (MONDO:0700219)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 7422] {aka L-VEGF, MVCD1, VEGF, VPF}, GPT (glutamic--pyruvic transaminase) [NCBI Gene 2875] {aka AAT1, ALT, ALT1, GPT1, SGPT}, LOC102724197 (inactive glutathione hydrolase 2) [NCBI Gene 102724197] {aka GGT2}, TXK (TXK tyrosine kinase) [NCBI Gene 7294] {aka BTKL, PSCTK5, PTK4, RLK, TKL}, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 1956] {aka ERBB, ERBB1, ERRP, HER1, NISBD2, NNCIS}, SLC17A5 (solute carrier family 17 member 5) [NCBI Gene 26503] {aka AST, ISSD, NSD, SD, SIALIN, SIASD}, CEACAM3 (CEA cell adhesion molecule 3) [NCBI Gene 1084] {aka CD66D, CEA, CGM1, CGM1a, W264, W282}
- **Diseases:** BLOOM (MESH:D001816), NSCLC (MESH:D002289), ILD (MESH:D017563), leptomeningeal disease (MESH:D008577), nausea and/or vomiting (MESH:D020250), meningeal lesions (MESH:D008580), gastrointestinal reactions (MESH:D005767), LM (MESH:D009362)
- **Chemicals:** Bevacizumab (MESH:D000068258), Furmonertinib (MESH:C000705711), B12 (MESH:C034730), IP (MESH:C041508), Pemetrexed (MESH:D000068437), IP (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]
- **Mutations:** T790M, L861Q G719X, L861Q, G719A, L858R, G719S, A to D

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

23 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12972578/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12972578