# Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

## TL;DR

This paper updates a meta-analysis on enamel hypomineralisation, adding a previously missed North American study, but finds no major changes in global prevalence.

## Contribution

The addition of a previously omitted North American study to a large meta-analysis on enamel hypomineralisation.

## Key findings

- The global prevalence of MIH remains at 0.155 (95% CI: 0.144–0.166) after including the new study.
- The North American MIH prevalence slightly decreased from 0.239 to 0.223 after adding the new study.
- The new study did not alter the overall conclusions of the meta-analysis.

## Abstract

Recently, the systematic review and meta-analysis “Epidemiological Trends in Enamel Hypomineralisation and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” was published in Clinical Oral Investigations. In 2025 a reader brought the omission of an epidemiological study from North America to the attention of the author group.

After checking the eligibility for inclusion we aimed at updating the meta-analysis. After inclusion of this overlooked study the systematic review and meta-analysis covers 139 studies and data from a total of 199,999 participants.

For North America, the MIH prevalence estimate decreased slightly from 0.239 (95% CI: 0.144–0.334) to 0.223 (95% CI: 0.140–0.306). Notably, the global prevalence estimate for MIH remained unchanged at 0.155 (95% CI: 0.144–0.166).

The addition of the overlooked study influenced slightly the MIH outcome for North America but had no impact on the previously drawn conclusions.

Enamel hypomineralisation/ Molar incisor hypomineralisation is prevalent across the globe and needs attention by dental practitioners.