# Quantitative virus infectivity titration and dose-response analyses using cell-culture based methods and python code-assisted data analysis

**Authors:** Henna-Maarit Kyröläinen, Iiris Mustonen, Juho Enäkoski, Minna M. Hankaniemi

PMC · DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115018 · iScience · 2026-02-13

## TL;DR

This paper introduces cell-based methods and Python scripts for quickly measuring virus infectivity and drug efficacy, offering a faster and more efficient alternative to traditional techniques.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the integration of cell-based assays with Python scripts for automating data analysis in virus infectivity and drug screening.

## Key findings

- The described methods produce results in under 72 hours, faster than existing techniques.
- Python scripts reduce manual data handling and enable analysis of large datasets without commercial software.
- The methods are suitable for TCID50, IC50, EC50, and CC50 assays.

## Abstract

Enteroviruses greatly affect public health worldwide. Therefore, methods to reliably and quickly identify virus infections and screen treatments or preventatives against them are needed. Here, we describe protocols for analyzing the concentrations of infective enteroviruses and neutralizing enterovirus antibodies and the efficacy of antiviral compounds against enteroviruses and compound cytotoxicity with a cell-based method in a microtiter plate format accompanied with python scripts for data and statistical analyses. Detailed instructions for performing the methods and running the scripts are provided, and scripts are available in a public repository. The assays described here are faster and less labor intensive than state-of-the-art methods, producing results in less than 72 h. Developed scripts can reduce the amount of manual handling of the data and calculations, enabling analysis of large datasets without the use of commercial software. The developed methods can be utilized by researchers and healthcare providers for diagnostic and screening purposes for viruses growing in cell cultures.

•Cell-based screening assays for viruses growing in cell cultures•Developed python scripts arrange, analyze, and plot data•Scripts are available for TCID50, IC50, EC50, and CC50 assays•Fast and quantitative methods for efficient assay optimization and routine use

Cell-based screening assays for viruses growing in cell cultures

Developed python scripts arrange, analyze, and plot data

Scripts are available for TCID50, IC50, EC50, and CC50 assays

Fast and quantitative methods for efficient assay optimization and routine use

Virology

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Cpe (carboxypeptidase E) [NCBI Gene 12876] {aka CPH, Cph-1, Cph1, NF-alpha1, fat}
- **Diseases:** T1D (MESH:D003922), cytotoxicity (MESH:D064420), DORAs (MESH:D018746), infected (MESH:D007239), Viral Diseases (MESH:D014777), influenza (MESH:D007251)
- **Chemicals:** formalin (MESH:D005557), DMSO (MESH:D004121), acetic acid (MESH:D019342), H (MESH:D006859), cellulose (MESH:D002482), glutaraldehyde (MESH:D005976), Tween 80 (MESH:D011136), PBS (MESH:D007854), agarose (MESH:D012685), sucrose (MESH:D013395), CO2 (MESH:D002245), L-glutamine (MESH:D005973), AlamarBlue (MESH:C005843), water (MESH:D014867), streptomycin (MESH:D013307), Pleconaril (MESH:C115201), resorufin (MESH:C014180), penicillin (MESH:D010406), HEPES (MESH:D006531), crystal violet (MESH:D005840), sodium bicarbonate (MESH:D017693), 4-PL (-)
- **Species:** Coxsackievirus B3 (no rank) [taxon 12072], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Enterovirus (genus) [taxon 12059], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Orthomyxoviridae (family) [taxon 11308]
- **Cell lines:** GMK — Chlorocebus pygerythrus (Vervet monkey), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_4125), CVB1 — Homo sapiens (Human), Induced pluripotent stem cell (CVCL_1N86), HS — Homo sapiens (Human), Lung small cell carcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_7033), A549 — Homo sapiens (Human), Lung adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0023), T-75 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Hybridoma (CVCL_XB69), Monkey — Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating macaque), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_3631), S2 — Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_Z232)

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

29 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12969302/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12969302