# Vulnerability Within A Nursing Clinical Practice. A Qualitative Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how vulnerability affects both patients and nurses in clinical practice, shaped by personal, relational, and societal factors.

## Contribution

The study provides a qualitative synthesis of vulnerability in nursing from both patient and nurse perspectives.

## Key findings

- Vulnerability in patients is linked to loss of bodily autonomy and lack of holistic care.
- Nurses experience vulnerability due to emotional strain and ethical tensions in their work.
- Vulnerability can foster ethical sensitivity and stronger nurse-patient relationships.

## Abstract

Vulnerability is a fundamental human condition shaped by existential interdependence and social structures. In nursing, it is experienced by both patients and nurses, influenced by care relationships, institutional norms, and ethical responsibilities. This review explores how the phenomenon of vulnerability is reflected in the research literature on nursing clinical practice, from both patient and nurse perspectives.

A qualitative literature search of eight bibliographic databases (inception to 13 May 2025) identified 29 papers, assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist (CASP-QC). Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis inspired by Graneheim, Lundman and Lindgren.

Socioeconomic and sociopolitical conditions shape vulnerability by influencing care needs and perceptions of healthcare and nursing. Physical changes that compromise bodily autonomy expose patients to undignified care, as loss of control over one's body can lead to embarrassment, shame, and diminished dignity. A lack of holistic care increases patient vulnerability when professionals fail to recognise patients as unique individuals. Nurses’ vulnerability is portrayed as a significant burden, shaped by personal suffering, grief, and contextual work factors. This suffering may result in emotional distancing from patients when nurses lack the courage to engage.

Vulnerability is multifaceted, shaped by personal, relational, and sociopolitical conditions. Patients often experience vulnerability through lack of recognition of individuality and dignity, while nurses face emotional strain, knowledge gaps, ethical tensions and limited support. Vulnerability can also be viewed as a strength, fostering ethical sensitivity, moral courage and deeper nurse–patient relationships.