# Castor oil and europium-based luminescent films for thermal sensing

## TL;DR

Researchers created a sustainable, transparent luminescent film using castor oil and europium for accurate low-temperature sensing.

## Contribution

A bio-derived, environmentally compatible luminescent thermometric film using castor oil and europium is developed.

## Key findings

- The SiCO-0.25Eu film shows a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 1.31% K−1 at 189 K.
- The film maintains stable performance over a broad low-temperature range (42–282 K) and under repeated thermal cycling.
- Ratiometric thermometry is enabled by distinct thermal quenching behaviors of ligand and Eu3+ emissions.

## Abstract

Luminescent thermometry has emerged as a powerful tool for remote temperature sensing, yet the development of sustainable materials that combine robust photophysical performance with environmental compatibility remains a challenge. Herein, we report a bio-derived luminescent thermometric film obtained by incorporating the europium-based complex [Eu (tta)3(PIB)] into a castor-oil-based alkoxysilane polymer (SiCO). The resulting luminescent films are transparent, stable, and preserve the structural integrity and optical characteristics of the trivalent europium (Eu3+) complex, as confirmed by spectroscopic analyses. Efficient ligand-to-metal energy transfer gives rise to well-defined Eu3+ emission, while residual ligand-centered luminescence enables a ratiometric thermometric approach. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements reveal distinct thermal quenching behaviors of the ligand and Eu3+ emissions, allowing reliable temperature readout through an intensity ratio thermometric parameter. The optimized SiCO-0.25Eu film exhibits a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 1.31% K−1 at 189 K and a minimum temperature uncertainty of 0.43 K at 173 K, maintaining stable performance over a broad low-temperature range (42–282 K) and under repeated thermal cycling. These results demonstrate that castor-oil-derived polymer matrices can serve as efficient and sustainable platforms for luminescent thermometry, offering a promising route toward environmentally friendly luminescent temperature sensors for low-temperature applications.