# The COVID-19 vaccine procurement and supply chain in the Democratic Republic of Congo

## TL;DR

This study explores how the Democratic Republic of Congo procures and distributes COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting challenges and suggesting solutions for better access.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed qualitative analysis of vaccine supply chain mechanisms in the DRC, emphasizing the need for infrastructure and local production.

## Key findings

- Vaccine acquisition in the DRC relies heavily on international donations and multilateral initiatives.
- Distribution follows a five-tier supply chain managed by the Expanded Program on Immunization.
- Cold chain limitations and transport issues hinder vaccine administration.

## Abstract

The COVID-19 vaccine has been classified as an ‘essential medicine’, yet shortages and unequal distribution during the pandemic have reignited concerns about vaccine self-sufficiency in Africa. This study examined the mechanisms for acquiring, distributing, and administering existing COVID-19 vaccines in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A qualitative case study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 23 key informants selected using reasoned choice, based on their professional roles in vaccine policy, logistics, and implementation. Participants were recruited from public institutions, with most being medical doctors and having experience in vaccination. Data were transcribed and analyzed were transcribed and analysis thematically using Atlas-ti 7.0. The study found that vaccine acquisition in the DRC relied heavily on international donations and multilateral initiatives, with limited national financial contribution. Distribution followed a five-tier supply chain managed by the Expanded Program on Immunization, moving vaccines from Kinshasa to provincial and field offices, then to selected health facilities. The Cold chain limitations, transport issues, and inconsistent vaccine availability challenged the administration. To improve vaccine access and coverage, stakeholders emphasized the need to strengthen logistical infrastructure and promote regional vaccine production. Honoring government commitments to co-finance procurement was also identified as a critical step toward sustainable vaccine supply.