# Interaction Between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Diseases: NHANES 2005–2018

## TL;DR

This study found that combining a high antioxidant diet with moderate alcohol consumption may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

## Contribution

This is the first study to investigate the interaction between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases.

## Key findings

- High Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) combined with moderate alcohol consumption was linked to lower odds of cardiovascular diseases.
- Low CDAI levels were significantly associated with higher CVD prevalence in never-drinking subgroups.
- The interaction between CDAI and alcohol consumption in relation to CVDs was statistically significant.

## Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of heart and blood vessel disorders and the leading causes of death worldwide. Few studies have focused on whether there is an interaction between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) combined with alcohol consumption on CVDs. We aimed to explore the association between CDAI, alcohol consumption, and CVDs, and whether there was an interaction.

A total of 29459 participants aged over 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2005–2018 were involved in the study. Six dietary factors were selected to score the CDAI. The association between CDAI, alcohol consumption, and CVDs were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were used to investigate whether this association was stable across populations.

The interaction between CDAI and alcohol consumption in relation to CVDs was observed. There was a statistically significant increased prevalence of CVDs in the CDAI 2 combined never‐drinking subgroups and in the CDAI 1 combined never‐drinking subgroups compared with the CDAI 3 combined moderate drinking group. Low CDAI levels were significantly and positively linked to CVDs prevalence within the never‐drinking subgroup.

The interaction between CDAI and alcohol consumption was found in our study. High levels of CDAI combined with moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the odds of CVDs.

Figure 1 Flowchart for the study design and participants. An initial sample of 39 636 participants was assessed. Participants were sequentially excluded: (1) missing data on CDAI components; (2) missing data on covariates; and (3) currently pregnant. A final sample of 29 459 eligible individuals was included in our analysis.

This study holds significance as the first to investigate the interaction between CDAI and alcohol consumption on CVDs.Higher CDAI was associated with a lower prevalence of CVDs.It is advisable for individuals to enhance their personal CDAI levels by incorporating more antioxidant nutrients into their diet, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of CVDs on the body.

This study holds significance as the first to investigate the interaction between CDAI and alcohol consumption on CVDs.

Higher CDAI was associated with a lower prevalence of CVDs.

It is advisable for individuals to enhance their personal CDAI levels by incorporating more antioxidant nutrients into their diet, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of CVDs on the body.