# Light‐Driven Reconfigurable Logic in a Monolithic Perovskite Device via Nonlinear Photoresponse Switching

## TL;DR

A single-layer perovskite device uses light to perform complex logic operations without external power, offering a compact and energy-efficient solution for optoelectronic computing.

## Contribution

A bias-free, single-layer perovskite device is developed to perform all eight fundamental logic operations using light-driven nonlinear photoresponse switching.

## Key findings

- The device achieves polarity switching based on light intensity and enables reconfigurable logic operations.
- It realizes XOR and XNOR functions in a single material without pixel-level imaging.
- The architecture supports parallel decoding of amplitude-frequency signals and scenario-based logic-level separation.

## Abstract

Modulating nonlinear carrier dynamics in a single‐layer device is essential for achieving complex logic operations with minimal power consumption; however, it remains challenging due to inherently linear charge transport and unipolar photoresponses. Here, a multifunctional optoelectronic logic gate (OELG) based on a bias‐free, single‐layer perovskite device is reported that exhibits light intensity‐dependent polarity switching. Incorporation of poly‐L‐lysine into MAPbI3 enables trap‐state engineering for nonlinear response modulation. An asymmetric dual‐photogate architecture allows spatially controlled charge transport by tuning the position of incident light. This configuration enables the realization of all eight fundamental logic gate functions, including XOR and XNOR, in a single material and device. Additionally, the device independently handles two channels, amplitude inputs, and temporal modulation inputs. It performs logic operations not by pixel‐level imaging, but by applying a scenario‐based conceptual modulation map to the device, with the outputs derived from experimentally recorded photovoltage responses. These findings establish a promising platform for compact, energy‐efficient, light‐driven logic systems with potential applications in light fidelity (Li‐Fi) communication and on‐device artificial intelligence.

This study demonstrates a monolithic perovskite OELG device that performs all eight logic operations, including XOR and XNOR, without external bias. Enabled by trap‐engineered MAPbI3:PLL and dual photogates, it achieves reconfigurable logic and parallel decoding of amplitude–frequency signals, supporting scenario‐configured logic‐level separation for sensor‐front‐end preprocessing.