# Families’ perspectives and the development of an educational program for diabetes in schools

## TL;DR

This study explores challenges faced by families of children with type 1 diabetes in schools and evaluates a new educational program to improve school-based diabetes care.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel educational program combining mobile apps, websites, and printed materials to support diabetes management in schools.

## Key findings

- Most families reported schools had little or no knowledge of diabetes.
- Educational materials in multiple formats were valued by families and patients.
- School staff involvement is crucial for effective diabetes management in schools.

## Abstract

The number of children with type 1 diabetes (CwD) is rising globally, increasing demand for school-based support. The primary objective was to assess parents’ perceptions of the current state of diabetes care in schools for CwD. The secondary objective was to gather feedback on a comprehensive educational program offered to participants.

Families of CwD attending an outpatient clinic completed a survey about diabetes care offered by schools. A comprehensive diabetes educational program was developed, comprising a mobile application, website, and printed diabetes management plan. The program was presented to the families to facilitate communication with school staff.

A total of 107 families participated (mean age of students 10.7 ± 3.9 years; mean age at diagnosis 5.4 ± ± 3.3 years). Most were from the São Paulo metropolitan area (94.3%; 27 cities) and attended public schools (89.7%). Mean HbA1c was 8.8% ± 2.1 (75). Family members often provided in-school insulin support (25.2% overall; 55% of children < 6 years; p < 0.05). Nearly half of caregivers (45.8%) reduced working hours due to diabetes care (55.2% for children < 6 years; 0.05). Most families (73.8%) reported schools had little or no knowledge of diabetes, and 31.8% were dissatisfied with the care received. The possibility of having diabetes material specifically directed to schools was valued by the families and patients.

Families of CwD in the São Paulo metropolitan area face challenges in school settings. Providing educational materials in different formats is necessary, but strategies are needed to involve school staff in the management actively.