# Navigating the boundary between ‘normative’ and ‘non‐normative’ collective action: A British case study of the removal of a public statue associated with racism

## TL;DR

The paper examines a 2020 event in Bristol where a statue of a historical slaver was removed during a protest, exploring how actions are labeled as normative or non-normative in collective action.

## Contribution

The study contributes a qualitative analysis of protest actions that challenges the binary classification of normative and non-normative collective action.

## Key findings

- The event in Bristol highlights the fluid and context-dependent nature of collective action labels.
- Courtroom transcripts and walking interviews reveal the situated meanings of protest actions.
- The analysis emphasizes the importance of local understandings in conceptualizing collective action.

## Abstract

Psychological research typically distinguishes between normative (e.g., peaceful protests, petitions) and non‐normative (e.g., property destruction, riots) collective action. This binary framework has proved useful in exploring the psychological factors that shape different forms of collective action. However, recent critiques suggest it oversimplifies the fluid, contested, and context‐dependent nature of collective protest. Our paper develops these critiques through qualitative analysis of walking interview accounts and courtroom transcripts of an event occurring at a 2020 Black Lives Matter rally in the city of Bristol, UK. During this event, a public statue of Edward Colston (1636‐1721), a 17th century slaver, was toppled, defaced, and thrown in the River Avon, and four protestors were subsequently charged with, then acquitted of, criminal damage. Implications for conceptualising and investigating collective action are explored and the importance of recovering the situated meanings and consequences of local understandings of normative and non‐normative action emphasised.