# Two-dimensional material-polymer hybrid membranes for enhanced mechanical stability and environmental remediation

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how combining two-dimensional materials with polymers improves membrane strength and helps clean up the environment.

## Contribution

The paper provides new insights into the use of 2DMs to enhance mechanical and environmental properties of polymeric membranes.

## Key findings

- 2DMs improve mechanical robustness and long-term stability of polymeric membranes.
- Hybrid membranes show enhanced selectivity, permeability, and anti-fouling properties.
- 2DMs-polymer hybrids address challenges in environmental remediation applications.

## Abstract

Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their exceptional thermal, tensile, chemical, and mechanical properties, making them promising candidates for designing next-generation polymeric membranes. Incorporating 2DMs with polymers not only improved selectivity and permeability but also considerably enhanced mechanical robustness, thereby improving long-term stability and durability, which are among the greatest challenges today. This review article provides new insights into advancements in 2DMs and 2DMs-based polymeric membranes, with particular emphasis on mechanical strength and their roles in environmental remediation. We also discussed how different 2DMs interact with polymers to address issues such as anti-fouling, stability, and durability in polymeric membranes. Additionally, we explore the challenges associated with polymeric membranes and how we can overcome them by using different 2DMs to develop a multifunctional 2DMs-polymer hybrid membrane that bridges mechanics with environmental remediation applications.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11671-026-04492-y.