# Dye-based qPCR assays for the separate quantification of total bacterial, fungal, arthropod, and plant DNA

## TL;DR

This paper introduces validated dye-based qPCR assays to separately quantify bacterial, fungal, arthropod, and plant DNA in environmental samples.

## Contribution

The study provides rigorously validated qPCR assays for quantifying total DNA from four major taxa in environmental samples.

## Key findings

- The four assays are specific, sensitive, and reproducible for quantifying DNA from single-source and mixed environmental samples.
- Melt curve temperatures were identified for each taxon to confirm assay specificity.
- Standard curves using synthetic DNA enabled accurate quantification of the target DNA molecules.

## Abstract

Characterization of bacterial, fungal, arthropod, and plant communities from bulk environmental samples can enhance our understanding of the biodiversity on Earth and aid in biomonitoring of various biomes. An important step in any molecular biology protocol is DNA quantification. While fast methods that determine the total amount of DNA in a sample are widely available, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is often preferred as it permits quantification of specific DNA molecules of interest. Currently, commercial qPCR assays are only available to quantify total bacterial and fungal DNA; limited studies describe the use of qPCR to quantify total arthropod and plant DNA. Here we describe the rigorous validation of four dye-based qPCR assays to separately quantify total bacterial, fungal, arthropod, and plant DNA following the MIQE guidelines. Validation experiments included primer annealing, primer concentration, specificity (in vitro and in silico), sensitivity, and reproducibility. Standard curves were created using synthetic double stranded DNA (gBlocks™) that were designed to quantify the DNA molecules of interest. Melt curve temperatures were identified for each taxon for specificity confirmation. These four assays were found to be specific, sensitive, and reproducible and can quantify DNA from single source specimens and mixed DNA samples, such as environmental DNA.