# Women's Health in Rugby: It Is More Than Orthopedics

**Authors:** Stephanie M Pannell, Thomas J Papadimos

PMC · DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104767 · 2026-03-06

## TL;DR

This paper highlights the need for a broader approach to women's health in rugby beyond just orthopedic injuries.

## Contribution

The paper emphasizes the importance of gender-specific injury surveillance and research in women's rugby.

## Key findings

- Female rugby players face unique health issues beyond orthopedic injuries.
- Research should include breast injuries and pelvic floor dysfunction.
- Gender-specific findings need to be integrated into practice for safer play.

## Abstract

Rugby is a globally expanding sport for women, yet research on female-specific health and safety issues remains limited. While orthopedic injuries are the most common and are a concern, the differences in physiology, anatomy, and social context between men and women call for a broader and more gender-informed approach to player health, safety, and welfare. There is a need for gender-specific injury surveillance, which includes not only orthopedic injuries, but also breast injuries, pelvic floor dysfunction, and postpartum effects that impair playing. Strengthening research funding and integrating sex-specific findings into practice are essential to ensure safe, equitable participation and optimal performance for women rugby players.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** orthopedic injuries (MESH:D009140), joint instability (MESH:D007593), fat necrosis (MESH:D005218), stomach cramps (MESH:D013272), breast cancer (MESH:D001943), fecal matter (MESH:D005242), depression (MESH:D003866), Whiplash injury (MESH:D014911), PFD (MESH:D059952), incontinence (MESH:D014549), cognitive (MESH:D003072), valgus (MESH:D060906), knee injury (MESH:D007718), CBI (MESH:D061325), crush injuries (MESH:D000071576), pelvic pain (MESH:D017699), ligamentous laxity (MESH:C536012), concussion (MESH:D001924), concussive injury (MESH:D056104), MDI (MESH:D009759), fatigue (MESH:D005221), urinary stress incontinence (MESH:D014550), chest pain (MESH:D002637), anal incontinence (MESH:D001005), accidents (MESH:D000081084), laxity of the shoulder (MESH:D000070599), bladder urgency (MESH:D001745), mastitis (MESH:D008413), Hand fractures (MESH:D006230), abscess (MESH:D000038), injuries (MESH:D014947), injuries of the head (MESH:D006259), muscle (MESH:D019042), hyperextension (MESH:C563315), head and neck injuries (MESH:D006258), anxiety (MESH:D001007), ligamentous injury (MESH:D000070598)
- **Chemicals:** HC (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12965112