# Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of the gall aphid Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

**Authors:** Xiaonan Wang, Jiaqi Wu, Takahiro Yonezawa, Zhumei Ren

PMC · DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2026.2638669 · 2026-03-05

## TL;DR

This paper reports the full mitochondrial genome of a gall-forming aphid and its evolutionary relationship with other aphids that feed on the same host plant.

## Contribution

The study provides the first complete mitochondrial genome sequences for Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa and clarifies its phylogenetic position.

## Key findings

- The mitochondrial genome of C. ulmidrupa has a strong A+T bias and specific gene start and stop codon patterns.
- C. ulmidrupa is phylogenetically closely related to C. yunlongensis and Slavum lentiscoides, which all form galls on P. chinensis.

## Abstract

We sequenced two complete mitochondrial genomes of Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa, a gall-forming aphid on Pistacia chinensis. Each genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and a control region, with a strong A+T bias (∼85%). All protein-coding genes initiate with ATN codon and terminate with TAA, except for ND4 and COX1 ending with a single T. Phylogenetic analysis strongly supported that C. ulmidrupa was sister to C. yunlongensis and together they formed a clade with Slavum lentiscoides, all three species of which feed on the primary host plant P. chinensis to form galls.

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** ND4 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4) [NCBI Gene 4538], COX1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) [NCBI Gene 4512]
- **Species:** Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa (taxon 3381676), Slavum lentiscoides (taxon 2878228), Pistacia chinensis (taxon 289741)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** ND4 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4) [NCBI Gene 4538] {aka MTND4}, COX1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) [NCBI Gene 4512] {aka COI, MTCO1}
- **Diseases:** PCGs (MESH:D011488), Aphis aurantii NC_052865 (OMIM:617025)
- **Chemicals:** KP722567 (-)
- **Species:** Therioaphis tenera (species) [taxon 1863082], Pterocomma pilosum (species) [taxon 198314], Pseudoregma panicola (species) [taxon 42338], Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid, species) [taxon 143948], Indomegoura indica (species) [taxon 796278], Pistacia chinensis (Chinese pistachio, species) [taxon 289741], Cervaphis quercus (species) [taxon 384373], Neotoxoptera formosana (species) [taxon 1425443], Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid, species) [taxon 43146], Aiceona himalaica (species) [taxon 1064607], Meitanaphis elongallis (species) [taxon 384841], Chaetosiphella stipae (species) [taxon 805124], Melaphis rhois (sumac gall aphid, species) [taxon 13142], Acyrthosiphon caraganae (species) [taxon 527513], Schoutedenia ralumensis (species) [taxon 1064595], Eutrichosiphum pasaniae (species) [taxon 536017], Schlechtendalia peitan (species) [taxon 384844], Anoecia fulviabdominalis (species) [taxon 133068], Eucallipterus tiliae (species) [taxon 527681], Adelges tsugae (hemlock woolly adelgid, species) [taxon 357502], Cinara tujafilina (cypress pine aphid, species) [taxon 198323], Chaetogeoica (genus) [taxon 446081], Ceratovacuna lanigera (species) [taxon 41905], Periphyllus koelreuteriae (species) [taxon 384470], Therioaphis trifolii (yellow clover aphid, species) [taxon 935269], Floraphis meitanensis (species) [taxon 509180], Kaburagia rhusicola ovogallis (subspecies) [taxon 384838], Nippolachnus piri (species) [taxon 96543], Greenidea ficicola (species) [taxon 796229], Tuberolachnus salignus (species) [taxon 96551], Stomaphis sinisalicis (species) [taxon 1064604], Neothoracaphis yanonis (species) [taxon 30179], Nurudea yanoniella (species) [taxon 509176], Ceratovacuna keduensis (species) [taxon 1217618], Kurisakia onigurumii (species) [taxon 384362], Periphyllus diacerivorus (species) [taxon 1265473], P. chinensis [taxon 255799], Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid, species) [taxon 133082], Uroleucon erigeronensis (species) [taxon 87314], Rhus (genus) [taxon 4012], Kaburagia rhusicola ensigallis (subspecies) [taxon 384836], Laingia psammae (species) [taxon 805199], Aphis craccivora (cowpea aphid, species) [taxon 307492], Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid, species) [taxon 40932], Phloeomyzus passerinii (species) [taxon 133101], Kaburagia rhusicola ovatirhusicola (subspecies) [taxon 384837], Mindarus keteleerifoliae (species) [taxon 1078267], Adelges laricis (blade spruce gall adelgid, species) [taxon 133063], Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid, species) [taxon 69196], Hormaphis betulae (species) [taxon 196469], Takecallis arundinariae (species) [taxon 691750], Uroleucon sonchi (species) [taxon 87322], Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (water lily aphid, species) [taxon 253253], Cavariella salicicola (species) [taxon 384386], Hyalopterus amygdali (species) [taxon 1276923], Nurudea shiraii (species) [taxon 196481], Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid, species) [taxon 44664], Chaitophorus saliniger (species) [taxon 179831], Aphididae (aphids, family) [taxon 27482], Macrosiphum albifrons (lupin aphid, species) [taxon 330458]
- **Cell lines:** Ren_A4512 — Homo sapiens (Human), Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_M202)

## Figures

4 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12964470/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12964470