# The influence of age and gender on self-assessment of piano competencies

## TL;DR

This study found that older pianists rate their skills higher than younger ones, but gender differences in self-assessment are minimal.

## Contribution

The study reveals a strong correlation between age and self-assessed piano competencies, with no significant gender differences in most areas.

## Key findings

- Older pianists self-assess their technical and performance skills more highly than younger ones.
- Gender differences in self-assessment were only significant for technical skills among college-age students.
- Self-assessment increases with years of practice across all competency scales.

## Abstract

This study examined how pianists assess their own abilities in four areas: technical proficiency, musical understanding, expressive control, and presentation skills.

Participants included piano students and professional pianists, all with at least ten years of experience. Results were compared across age and gender groups. The study involved 600 participants divided into three age groups: 13- to 15-year-olds (M = 14.2, SD = 2.01), 23- to 24-year-olds (M = 23.8, SD = 2.24), and 36- to 42-year-olds (M = 40.4, SD = 5.38). Data were collected using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and a custom-designed piano competency questionnaire. The statistical significance of differences between men and women in their self-assessment of performance skills was then tested.

Among music college students (mean age 23.8 years)—the only group where a significant gender difference was found—men rated their technical skills higher than women did. The assessment of other subscales revealed no statistically significant differences between male and female piano players. Overall, the data do not support the idea that gender influences how pianists evaluate their own competencies. In contrast, age differences proved significant across all scales of piano competency (p = 0.00). The results indicate that pianists in older age groups rate their technique, musical literacy, expressiveness, and stage skills more highly. This increase in self-assessment is directly correlated with years of practice. The present findings can be used by music educators, parents, piano enthusiasts, and professional pianists. By understanding how age and gender shape pianists' self-perception, educators can tailor teaching methodologies to align with how students perceive their own skills.