# The Pattern of Injuries Among Motorcyclists in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents: An Autopsy-Based Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Bihar

## TL;DR

This study analyzes injury patterns in fatal motorcycle accidents in Bihar to help improve road safety and prevent deaths.

## Contribution

The study provides autopsy-based insights into fatal motorcycle injury patterns in Bihar, emphasizing head injuries and risk factors.

## Key findings

- Head injuries were the most common and critical cause of death among motorcyclists.
- Non-use of helmets and night-time accidents were major contributing factors.
- Fatalities often occurred in economically productive adults, highlighting socio-economic impacts.

## Abstract

Motorcycle accidents are a major health problem in India as well as globally. Out of the total fatal road traffic accidents, the majority of the cases are due to motorcycle accident injuries. Understanding the specific patterns of injuries sustained by motorcyclists in fatal accidents is crucial for designing effective preventive measures and improving road safety.

The present study aimed to analyse the pattern and distribution of injuries among motorcyclists who succumbed to fatal road traffic accidents, with special reference to demographic characteristics, circumstances of injury, and contributory risk factors. This was a cross-sectional, observational, autopsy-based study conducted prospectively at the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of a tertiary care centre in Bihar. The study included 58 deceased individuals who died as a result of motorcycle-related road traffic accidents and were subjected to medico-legal autopsy during the study period.

The study findings revealed that the majority of fatalities occurred among adults belonging to the economically productive age group, highlighting the significant socio-economic impact of motorcycle accidents. Male predominance in the study population was noted, reflecting greater exposure and risk-taking behaviour. A considerable proportion of accidents occurred during night hours, suggesting the role of reduced visibility, increased traffic load during evening hours, and fatigue after work. Delay in arrival at a tertiary care facility, gaps in adequate pre-hospital care, emergency response systems, and accessibility of advanced trauma care services were frequently observed.

Non-use of protective helmets emerged as a major contributory factor associated with fatal outcomes. Head injury was identified as the most common and critical injury, often acting as an independent cause of death, either alone or in combination with injuries to other body regions. Autopsy findings demonstrated a high prevalence of cranio-cerebral injuries, including skull fractures and intracranial hemorrhages. Associated injuries to the chest, abdomen, and extremities were also commonly observed, reflecting high-energy impact mechanisms.

This is an autopsy-based study, hence it provides valuable insights into fatal injury patterns and can significantly contribute to evidence-based policymaking and prevention of motorcycle-related deaths.