# Perspective: The Future of the Southern Resident Killer Whales Depends on Interactions With Other Killer Whale Populations

## TL;DR

The survival of Southern Resident killer whales may depend on their interactions with other killer whale populations, which is an overlooked factor in their recovery.

## Contribution

Highlights the underappreciated role of interactions with sympatric killer whale populations in the recovery of Southern Residents.

## Key findings

- Shared prey consumption with other populations affects Southern Resident killer whales.
- Behavioral interactions in shared habitats influence their population dynamics.
- Potential interbreeding introduces shared DNA, impacting genetic diversity.

## Abstract

Ecological and genetic interactions among conspecific populations play an important role in population viability, but these interactions are not always fully considered in strategies to recover endangered taxa. Southern Resident killer whales are a high‐profile population listed as endangered by both the United States and Canada. Risks to the population are well known, and include insufficient prey, inbreeding depression, disturbance, and environmental contaminants. Here, we argue that a fifth factor—interactions with other sympatric killer whale populations—plays an underappreciated role in the population's current and potential status. Based on studies conducted over the past two decades, we illustrate that consumption of shared prey, behavioral interactions in shared habitat, and shared DNA through potential interbreeding with other populations will strongly influence the future trajectory of the Southern Resident killer whales.

The Southern Resident Killer Whales are a high‐profile population listed as endangered in the United States and Canada. Risks to the population are well known, and include insufficient prey, inbreeding depression, disturbance, and environmental contaminants. We argue that a fifth factor—interactions with other sympatric killer whale populations—plays an underappreciated role in the population's current and potential status.