# Radial glia at the neurovascular interface during cortical development

**Authors:** Njoud Al-Naama, Caroline Alayne Pearson

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2026.1788096 · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · 2026-02-20

## TL;DR

This paper explores how radial glia interact with the developing blood vessels in the brain during cortical development.

## Contribution

The paper highlights novel insights into the crosstalk between radial glia and endothelial cells during cortical development.

## Key findings

- Radial glia interact dynamically with the cortical vasculature during development.
- The spatial relationship between radial glia and endothelial cells influences radial glial biology.
- Angiogenic processes and environmental cues regulate radial glia behavior.

## Abstract

Radial glia are a specialized population of neural progenitor cells that persist throughout embryogenesis and into adulthood. Throughout this period, radial glia reside in a highly dynamic microenvironment that influences various biological decisions that govern typical cortical development. Subsequently, radial glia must fine-tune their responses to numerous environmental cues throughout development. The establishment of the cortical vasculature coincides with neurogenesis and dramatically alters the radial glia microenvironment by increasing oxygen and metabolite delivery. In addition, a synergistic spatial relationship between radial glia and endothelial cells regulates multiple aspects of radial glial biology. Here, we discuss crosstalk between radial glia and the cortical vasculature/endothelial cells throughout development, including the influence of extrinsic angiogenic processes and our growing understanding of the intricate spatial relationships between radial glia and endothelial cells.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Wnt2 (Wnt oncogene analog 2) [NCBI Gene 35975] {aka CG1916, D-wnt-2, DWnt-2, DWnt2, Dm DWnt2, Dm-2}, WNT7A (Wnt family member 7A) [NCBI Gene 7476] {aka SANTOS, Wnt-7a}, Vegfa (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 22339] {aka L-VEGF, Vegf, Vpf}, KDR (kinase insert domain receptor) [NCBI Gene 3791] {aka CD309, FLK1, VEGFR, VEGFR2}, NetA (Netrin-A) [NCBI Gene 32398] {aka CG18657, CT27014, Dmel\CG18657, Netrin, NetrinA, net}, FABP7 (fatty acid binding protein 7) [NCBI Gene 2173] {aka B-FABP, BLBP, FABPB, MRG}, FLT1 (fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 2321] {aka FLT, FLT-1, VEGFR-1, VEGFR1}, DKK1 (dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1) [NCBI Gene 22943] {aka DKK-1, SK}, SLC1A3 (solute carrier family 1 member 3) [NCBI Gene 6507] {aka EA6, EAAT1, GLAST, GLAST1}, WNT7B (Wnt family member 7B) [NCBI Gene 7477], DLL4 (delta like canonical Notch ligand 4) [NCBI Gene 54567] {aka AOS6, delta4, hdelta2}, MMP2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2) [NCBI Gene 4313] {aka CLG4, CLG4A, MMP-2, MMP-II, MONA, TBE-1}, Pvr (PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related) [NCBI Gene 34127] {aka 8222, CG8222, CT24332, DmVEGFR, Dmel\CG8222, VEGFR}, FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) [NCBI Gene 2247] {aka BFGF, FGF-2, FGFB, HBGF-2}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, RIC8A (RIC8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor A) [NCBI Gene 60626] {aka RIC8}, VCAM1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) [NCBI Gene 7412] {aka CD106, INCAM-100}, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) [NCBI Gene 2670] {aka ALXDRD}, CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1) [NCBI Gene 1499] {aka CTNNB, EVR7, MRD19, NEDSDV, armadillo}, SEMA6A (semaphorin 6A) [NCBI Gene 57556] {aka HT018, SEMA, SEMA6A1, SEMAQ, VIA}, MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9) [NCBI Gene 4318] {aka CLG4B, GELB, MANDP2, MMP-9}, SEMA3A (semaphorin 3A) [NCBI Gene 10371] {aka COLL1, HH16, Hsema-I, Hsema-III, SEMA1, SEMAD}, HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) [NCBI Gene 3091] {aka HIF-1-alpha, HIF-1A, HIF-1alpha, HIF1, HIF1-ALPHA, MOP1}, DCC (DCC netrin 1 receptor) [NCBI Gene 1630] {aka CRC18, CRCR1, HGPPS2, IGDCC1, MRMV1, NTN1R1}, FOXP1 (forkhead box P1) [NCBI Gene 27086] {aka 12CC4, HSPC215, MFH, QRF1, hFKH1B}, NEO1 (neogenin 1) [NCBI Gene 4756] {aka IGDCC2, NGN, NTN1R2}, ITGB8 (integrin subunit beta 8) [NCBI Gene 3696], SLC2A1 (solute carrier family 2 member 1) [NCBI Gene 6513] {aka CSE, DYT17, DYT18, DYT9, EIG12, GLUT}, N (Notch) [NCBI Gene 31293] {aka 1.1, 16-178, 16-55, Ax, CG3936, CT13012}, WIF1 (Wnt inhibitory factor 1) [NCBI Gene 11197] {aka WIF-1}
- **Diseases:** neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders (MESH:D001523), neurodevelopmental disease (MESH:D004194), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), vascular instability (MESH:D043171), NPC (MESH:D002292), NECs (MESH:D018302), cortical malformations (MESH:D054220)
- **Chemicals:** lactate (MESH:D019344), oxygen (MESH:D010100), glucose (MESH:D005947)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12962908/full.md

## References

66 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12962908/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12962908