Purification and pharmacokinetic study of gadoxetate isomers for enhanced rabbit liver MR imaging

TL;DR

This study purified and tested two Gadoxetate isomers for liver MR imaging in rabbits, finding that one isomer (Gd-A) has better imaging and pharmacokinetic properties.

Contribution

The purification and pharmacokinetic evaluation of two Gadoxetate isomers for enhanced liver MR imaging in rabbits is presented.

Findings

Gd-A showed shorter time to peak liver enhancement and higher peak signal intensity compared to Gd-B.

Gd-A had greater plasma clearance and a shorter half-life than Gd-B.

Both isomers remained stable at room and low temperatures but showed slight purity loss at higher temperatures.

Abstract

This study aimed to purify and prepare two isomers of Gadoxetate (Gd-A and Gd-B) from Pumexian and evaluate their stability, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics, and pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was employed to separate Gd-A and Gd-B, achieving purities exceeding 99% for both isomers. These purified isomers were then processed into vacuum-encapsulated solid powders via nitrogen blowing and freeze-drying. Stability assessments were conducted by storing the powders at various temperatures (25°C, −20°C, 50°C, and 80°C) for two months. The results indicated high stability at room temperature (25°C) and low temperature (−20°C), with both Gd-A and Gd-B maintaining 99% purity. At higher temperatures, purity slightly decreased: Gd-A was 98% at 50°C and 95% at 80°C, while Gd-B was 97% at 50°C and 94% at 80°C. For the in vivo evaluation, twelve rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups and received intravenous bolus injections of either pure Gd-A or Gd-B, followed by enhanced MR scanning and serial blood sampling. Pharmacokinetic and imaging analyses revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two isomers. Specifically, Gd-A exhibited a shorter time to peak enhancement in liver parenchyma (tpeakA < tpeakB), higher peak signal intensity in the liver parenchyma (SIpeakA > SIpeakB), greater plasma clearance (PCL-A > PCL-B), and a shorter half-life (t1/2A < t1/2B) compared to Gd-B. In conclusion, the vacuum-encapsulated solid powders of Gd-A and Gd-B demonstrate good long-term stability at room or low temperatures while maintaining high purity. Furthermore, the distinct pharmacokinetic profile and imaging characteristics of pure Gd-A suggest its potential value for clinical applications.

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