# Effects of increasing molybdenum under low nitrogen input on yield, nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat cultivars

## TL;DR

This study shows that adding more molybdenum with less nitrogen can boost wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency by improving plant growth and enzyme activity.

## Contribution

The study reveals that combining low nitrogen with increased molybdenum improves wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency through enhanced nitrogen metabolism.

## Key findings

- Grain yield increased by 61.78% with different nitrogen inputs and 11.71% with different molybdenum inputs.
- Molybdenum increased leaf area and photosynthesis, with Mo3 showing the highest improvements.
- Low nitrogen with high molybdenum improved nitrogen metabolism enzymes and spikelet numbers, enhancing yield and NUE.

## Abstract

In wheat production, improving resource utilization and grain yield has been a longstanding goal that researchers have been pursuing. This study aimed to investigate whether regulated nitrogen (N) and molybdenum (Mo) fertilizer management could enhance wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This study reports the effects of three N application levels (N0: 0 kg N ha−1, N1: 75 kg N ha−1, N2: 150 kg N ha−1) and a combination of three Mo application levels (Mo1: 0 kg Na2MoO4 ha−1, Mo2: 0.75 kg Na2MoO4 ha−1, Mo3: 1.5 kg Na2MoO4 ha−1) on N metabolism, NUE, and yield in wheat. The results showed that average grain yield increased by 61.78% under the different N input, and 11.71% under the different Mo input levels. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and partial factor productivity (PEPN) significantly (P < 0.01) increased at the low N rates (N1) but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at high N rates (N2). NAE and PEPN were significantly (P < 0.01) different among different Mo input levels. NAE significantly decreased with the increasing Mo input. Conversely, PEPN increased with increaseing Mo input, the N1 + Mo3 had the highest PEPN.With the increase of Mo, the leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate increased significantly at all growth stages. Compared with Mo1, the leaf area index (LAI) of Mo2 and Mo3 increased by 13.68% and 19.33%, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 26.47% and 45.07%. Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively. We conclude that high Mo and low nitrogen input could prolong the duration of green leaves, enhance the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes during the middle and late growth stages, and improve spikelets number per spike and N metabolism, thereby having potential to increase wheat yield and NUE.