Nanoencapsulation of Eucalyptus Essential Oils via Box–Behnken Design: Phytochemical Profiling and Enhanced Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy
Leyla Beba Pozharani, Mehmet İlktaç, Ezgi Ak-Sakallı, Mustafa Alhadi, Ertugrul Ozbil, Azmi Hanoglu, Fatih Demirci, Murat Erdem, Kemal Husnu Can Baser, Muberra Kosar
TL;DR
This study improves the stability and effectiveness of Eucalyptus essential oils by encapsulating them into nanoemulsions, enhancing their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
Contribution
A design-driven approach using Box–Behnken optimization to develop stable and effective Eucalyptus essential oil nanoemulsions.
Findings
Nanoemulsions achieved droplet sizes below 200 nm and showed robust physical stability.
Antimicrobial activity was up to 4-fold higher, with 80% biofilm inhibition observed.
Enhanced dispersion and stabilization of volatile compounds likely contributed to improved efficacy.
Abstract
The increasing burden of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance underscores the urgent need for alternatives to conventional therapeutics. Although Eucalyptus essential oils (EOs) are well recognized for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, their relatively high volatility and limited physicochemical stability restrict their practical applications. In this study, a systematic, design-driven comparative approach was employed to develop nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus, E. citriodora, and E. radiata EOs, with the aim of improving their stability and biological efficacy. Initially, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was performed to identify species-specific chemotypes, which guided rational formulation design. A Box–Behnken design enabled the precise optimization of critical colloidal parameters, resulting in nanoemulsions with droplet…
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Taxonomy
TopicsEssential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity · Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities · Bioactive Natural Diterpenoids Research