# Precision medicine and personalized nursing in cardiovascular disease: clinical applications and frontier developments

**Authors:** Xiaolan He, Guiying You

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1616059 · 2026-02-19

## TL;DR

This paper explores how combining precision medicine with personalized nursing can improve cardiovascular disease management through advanced technologies and patient-centered care.

## Contribution

A novel framework for personalized nursing integrating physiological, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions is proposed.

## Key findings

- Precision medicine and AI improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment optimization for CVD.
- An integrated patient-centered model enhances care efficiency and clinical outcomes.
- Challenges like data privacy and ethical issues require interdisciplinary solutions.

## Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the available treatments are not sufficiently effective. The integration of precision medicine with personalized nursing offers a promising approach for early prevention, accurate diagnosis, treatment optimization, and prognosis assessment in CVD management. This review systematically analyzes recent advancements in multi-omics analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the cardiovascular field, focusing on how precision medicine can improve the diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy as well as care efficiency, thereby improving clinical outcomes. For personalized nursing, we propose a novel implementation framework that incorporates physiological, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions, creating an integrated patient-centered management model based on comprehensive profiling. The synergistic integration of precision medicine and personalized nursing can yield a collaborative system that allows precise identification, individualized intervention, and comprehensive management, reflecting a paradigm shift toward patient-centered healthcare. In addition, the present analysis reveals existing challenges—including data privacy, ethical considerations, and cost-effectiveness—underscoring the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation to overcome these barriers. Therefore, the insights from this study are expected to guide the formulation of future research aimed at developing optimal clinical interventions to improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients with CVD.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, SPI1 (Spi-1 proto-oncogene) [NCBI Gene 6688] {aka AGM10, OF, PU.1, SFPI1, SPI-1, SPI-A}, TTN (titin) [NCBI Gene 7273] {aka CMD1G, CMH9, CMPD4, CMYO5, CMYP5, EOMFC}, TGFBI (transforming growth factor beta induced) [NCBI Gene 7045] {aka BIGH3, CDB1, CDG2, CDGG1, CSD, CSD1}, VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 79001] {aka EDTP308, MST134, MST576, VKCFD2, VKOR}, BAG3 (BAG cochaperone 3) [NCBI Gene 9531] {aka BAG-3, BIS, CAIR-1, CMD1HH, CMT2JJ, HMND15}, CCM2 (CCM2 scaffold protein) [NCBI Gene 83605] {aka C7orf22, OSM, PP10187}, SEMA4C (semaphorin 4C) [NCBI Gene 54910] {aka M-SEMA-F, SEMACL1, SEMAF, SEMAI}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, C1QA (complement C1q A chain) [NCBI Gene 712] {aka C1QD1}, CYP2C19 (cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19) [NCBI Gene 1557] {aka CPCJ, CYP2C, CYPIIC17, CYPIIC19, P450C2C, P450IIC19}, C1QC (complement C1q C chain) [NCBI Gene 714] {aka C1Q-C, C1QD3, C1QG}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, TLNRD1 (talin rod domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 59274] {aka MESDC1}, VWF (von Willebrand factor) [NCBI Gene 7450] {aka F8VWF, VWD}, CTNNA3 (catenin alpha 3) [NCBI Gene 29119] {aka ARVD13, VR22}, AEBP1 (AE binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 165] {aka ACLP}
- **Diseases:** PAH (MESH:D000081029), ASCVD (MESH:D050197), deaths (MESH:D003643), HHD (MESH:D006973), LVH (MESH:D017379), arterial stiffness (MESH:C566112), pressure ulcers (MESH:D003668), thrombosis (MESH:D013927), mental health disorders (OMIM:603663), congenital heart defects (MESH:D006330), toxicity (MESH:D064420), Atrial fibrillation (MESH:D001281), ischemic abnormalities (MESH:D017202), DCM (MESH:D002311), CVDs (MESH:D002318), AMI (MESH:D009203), heart disease (MESH:D006331), CAC (MESH:D003324), SEN (MESH:C536623), HCM (MESH:D002312), cardiac remodeling (MESH:D020257), hypokalemia (MESH:D007008), depression (MESH:D003866), CHF (MESH:D006333), thyroid dysfunction (MESH:D013959), peripheral arterial disease (MESH:D058729), type 2 diabetes (MESH:D003924), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (MESH:D054144), cardiac alterations (MESH:D006338), ventricular tachycardia (MESH:D017180), coronary calcifications (MESH:D003323), abnormal cardiac rhythms (MESH:D018376), ACS (MESH:D054058), dyslipidemia (MESH:D050171), metabolic syndrome (MESH:D024821), fibrosis (MESH:D005355), NLR (MESH:D015467), inflammation (MESH:D007249), impaired glucose metabolism (MESH:D044882), CCM (MESH:D020786), diabetes (MESH:D003920), endothelial dysfunction (MESH:D014652), non-communicable diseases (MESH:D000073296), myocarditis (MESH:D009205), stroke (MESH:D020521), cardiomyopathies (MESH:D009202), AS (MESH:D001024), MVA (MESH:D001145), AI (MESH:C538142), LVDD (MESH:D018487), Class II HF (MESH:D008312), coronary artery stenosis (MESH:D023921), PTSD (MESH:D013313), inherited disease (MESH:D030342)
- **Chemicals:** sodium (MESH:D012964), potassium (MESH:D011188), - and long-chain acyl-carnitines (-), clopidogrel (MESH:D000077144), lipid (MESH:D008055), glutamine (MESH:D005973), glucose (MESH:D005947), warfarin (MESH:D014859), glycerophospholipids (MESH:D020404), NO (MESH:D009569), glutamate (MESH:D018698)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090]

## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12961584/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12961584