# A Case of Common Iliac Artery Pseudoaneurysm Formation, Rupture, and Rectal Fistula Caused by Escherichia coli **Authors:** Xiaojie Zhao, Ling Zhang, Aiqin Liu PMC · DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.72078 · 2026-03-04 ## TL;DR A rare case shows how an Escherichia coli infection can cause a life-threatening artery rupture and rectal fistula, which can be treated with surgery and infection control. ## Contribution Highlights a rare clinical scenario linking E. coli infection to pseudoaneurysm rupture and rectal fistula. ## Key findings - Escherichia coli infection can lead to common iliac artery pseudoaneurysm formation and rupture. - Combining surgery with anti-infection strategies can be life-saving in such cases. ## Abstract When septic shock is combined with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, the rupture and bleeding of a common iliac artery pseudoaneurysm caused by Escherichia coli infection should not be missed. Active surgery combined with strict anti‐infection strategies can save lives. ## Linked entities - **Species:** Escherichia coli (taxon 562) ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** CRP (C-reactive protein) [NCBI Gene 1401] {aka PTX1}, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [NCBI Gene 13906541], FGB (fibrinogen beta chain) [NCBI Gene 2244] {aka HEL-S-78p}, CRP [NCBI Gene 20468888] - **Diseases:** hydronephrosis (MESH:D006869), urinary tract infection (MESH:D014552), osteolysis (MESH:D010014), bone destruction (MESH:D001847), Escherichia coli infection (MESH:D004927), chills (MESH:D023341), bacteremia (MESH:D016470), artery (MESH:D012078), MAA (MESH:D000785), dilation (MESH:D002311), infected (MESH:D007239), melena (MESH:D008551), atherosclerosis (MESH:D050197), back pain (MESH:D001416), hypertension (MESH:D006973), infected abdominal aortic aneurysms (MESH:D017544), Infectious (MESH:D003141), chronic diseases (MESH:D002908), sepsis (MESH:D018805), gastrointestinal bleeding (MESH:D006471), fistula (MESH:D005402), necrotic (MESH:D009336), septic (MESH:D001170), destruction (MESH:D008105), septic shock (MESH:D012772), rectal fistula (MESH:D012003), tenderness (MESH:D063806), Osteomyelitis (MESH:D010019), bacterial infections (MESH:D001424), embolization of (MESH:D004617), aortic aneurysms (MESH:D001014), abdominal pain (MESH:D015746), rectal bleeding (MESH:D012002), tumors (MESH:D009369), vascular abnormality (MESH:D014652), Rupture (MESH:D012421), diabetes (MESH:D003920), Pseudoaneurysm (MESH:D017541), psoas abscess (MESH:D016659), aneurysm (MESH:D000783), skin damage (MESH:D012871), iliac artery aneurysm (MESH:D017543), lumbar pain (MESH:D010146), the sacrum (MESH:C537221), syphilis (MESH:D013587), hematoma (MESH:D006406), hemoperitoneum (MESH:D006465), Gram (MESH:D016908), inflammatory (MESH:D007249), abscesses (MESH:D000038), trauma (MESH:D014947), intracranial aneurysms (MESH:D002532), shock (MESH:D012769), low back pain (MESH:D017116), intervertebral disc herniation (MESH:D007405), fever (MESH:D005334), hypotensive (MESH:D007022), ischemia (MESH:D007511), aneurysm rupture (MESH:D017542), retroperitoneal fibrosis (MESH:D012185) - **Chemicals:** Piperacillin-tazobactam (MESH:D000077725), sulbactam (MESH:D013407), CTX (MESH:D002439), OSR (-), cefoperazone (MESH:D002438), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (MESH:D015662), clavulanate potassium (MESH:D019818), AMP (MESH:D000667), metronidazole (MESH:D008795), CIP (MESH:D002939), ornidazole (MESH:D009950), amoxicillin (MESH:D000658), meropenem (MESH:D000077731), Carbapenems (MESH:D015780) - **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Mycobacterium tuberculosis (species) [taxon 1773], Bacteria Latreille et al. 1825 (Bacteria stick insect, genus) [taxon 629395], Staphylococcus (genus) [taxon 1279], Treponema pallidum (species) [taxon 160], Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria, family) [taxon 543], Salmonella (genus) [taxon 590], Escherichia coli (E. coli, species) [taxon 562], Streptococcus pneumoniae (species) [taxon 1313], Enterococcus (genus) [taxon 1350] ## Figures 1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12961226/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12961226