# Beyond life cycle thinking: A perspective

## TL;DR

This paper questions if life cycle thinking alone is enough for today's sustainability challenges and suggests moving toward holistic systems thinking.

## Contribution

It introduces a non-expert perspective on the limitations of life cycle thinking and proposes a shift toward systems thinking.

## Key findings

- Life cycle thinking has four key limitations tied to its definition.
- Non-experts outnumber experts in using life cycle thinking methodologies.
- Holistic systems thinking is suggested as a complementary approach.

## Abstract

Life cycle thinking is a fundamental concept of sustainability endeavors in most disciplines. The share of non-expert users applying life cycle thinking-based methodologies and tools is nowadays already significantly larger than the respective expert community. This perspective discusses life cycle thinking with a focus on its implications, limitations, and potential ways to overcome them from this non-expert perspective. While building on a long history and bringing undoubted advantages, we raise the question of whether thinking in life cycles alone is sufficient in light of today’s sustainability challenges. Four key limitations are found in the literature, all directly related to the definition of the concept itself. Solution attempts and sensitivity for these issues exist in the expert community only. We raise the discussion about going beyond the often-eponymous focus on life cycle thinking with holistic systems thinking and updated terminology.