# Full-Photolithographic High-Density Skin-Like Transistor Arrays for All-Organic Active-Matrix Displays

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a scalable method to create flexible, high-density organic transistor arrays for skin-like, wearable displays.

## Contribution

A universal, full-photolithographic process for high-density organic transistor arrays with skin-like deformability is introduced.

## Key findings

- The process achieves an integration density of 6.25 × 10⁴ cm⁻², one of the highest for organic transistors.
- The resulting displays are ultralight (~24.3 g/m²), conformable, and show stable electroluminescence.
- The method enables seamless integration of organic transistors with OLEDs for all-organic active-matrix displays.

## Abstract

A universal and scalable process fully compatible with organic semiconductors is developed, achieving precise micropatterning and high integration density of 6.25 × 104 cm−2.All-organic active-matrix organic light-emitting diode arrays with skin-like deformability were successfully fabricated. Notably, the integrated system not only exhibits stable electroluminescence, ultralight weight (~24.3 g m−2), and strong conformability to complex surfaces but also paves a promising path for the development of next-generation flexible and wearable displays.

A universal and scalable process fully compatible with organic semiconductors is developed, achieving precise micropatterning and high integration density of 6.25 × 104 cm−2.

All-organic active-matrix organic light-emitting diode arrays with skin-like deformability were successfully fabricated. Notably, the integrated system not only exhibits stable electroluminescence, ultralight weight (~24.3 g m−2), and strong conformability to complex surfaces but also paves a promising path for the development of next-generation flexible and wearable displays.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-026-02107-w.

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are widely recognized as promising building blocks for next-generation flexible and wearable electronics. However, scalable fabrication of high-density OTFT arrays for active-matrix applications remains highly challenging, primarily due to the incompatibility of conventional photolithography with organic semiconductors. Here, we report an all-photolithographic strategy that enables the scalable fabrication of flexible OTFT arrays with both high device density and superior charge transport characteristics. By combining synergistic interfacial modulation and dual-protection photolithography strategy of organic semiconductors, we successfully fabricated transistor arrays exhibiting an average mobility above 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratios of ~ 105. This scalable method further enables an integration density of 6.25 × 104 cm−2, which is one of the highest densities reported to date for full-photolithographic OTFT active-matrix arrays. Moreover, we demonstrate seamless integration of OTFT active-matrix arrays with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), yielding all-organic active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) arrays. These devices exhibit stable electroluminescence, ultralight weight (~ 24.3 g m−2), excellent flexibility, and skin-like display functionality with reliable pixel-level addressing. This work establishes a universal and scalable route toward high-density organic electronic systems, opening new opportunities for flexible displays, electronic skin, and next-generation wearable technologies.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-026-02107-w.