# Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese adapted and revised food allergy self-efficacy scale for parents

## TL;DR

This paper develops and validates a Chinese version of a scale to measure parents' confidence in managing their children's food allergies.

## Contribution

The study introduces a culturally adapted and psychometrically validated Chinese version of the Food Allergy Self-Efficacy Scale for Parents.

## Key findings

- The CAR-FASE-P showed strong content validity with item-level indices ranging from 0.800 to 1.000.
- A five-factor structure was identified, explaining 66.074% of the total variance.
- The scale demonstrated good reliability with a Cronbach’s α of 0.912 and significant correlation with general self-efficacy scores.

## Abstract

Food allergy (FA) in Chinese children is a growing public health concern. Parental FA self-efficacy, characterized by parents’ confidence in managing children’s FA, correlates with parental and children’s wellbeing. However, there is currently no Chinese valid scale for measuring the parental FA self-efficacy. This study culturally adapted and revised the Food Allergy Self-Efficacy Scale for Parents (FASE-P) into Chinese, and examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese adapted and revised FASE-P (CAR-FASE-P).

Cross-cultural adaptation of the FASE-P was firstly conducted through forward translation, back translation, expert consultation and cognitive interview with parents of FA children. To assess the psychometric properties, a total of 372 parents of FA children were recruited in the outpatient clinic of hospitals in Jinan, Shandong, China, and 30 parents participated in the retest. Item analysis, validity (including content validity, structural validity and criterion-related validity) and reliability (including internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability, test–retest reliability) of the CAR-FASE-P were examined.

After two rounds of expert panel reviews, adequate content validity of the preliminary CAR-FASE-P was confirmed, with the item-level content validity index ranging from 0.800 to 1.000 and the scale-level content validity index of 0.944. Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors accounting for 66.074% of the total variance. The modified confirmatory factor analysis model demonstrated that the 5-factor model fitted the data well (χ2/df = 1.556, root mean square error of approximation = 0.049, comparative fit index = 0.983, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.981, weighted root mean square residual = 0.911). The total Cronbach’s α was 0.912, and the split-half and the test–retest reliability coefficients were 0.815 and 0.798, respectively. The scores of CAR-FASE-P were significantly correlated with General Self-Efficacy Scale scores (r = 0.226, p < 0.001). The final version of CAR-FASE-P was a five-factor structure composed of 23 items.

Evaluated in a Chinese sample, the CAR-FASE-P demonstrated preliminary evidence for validity and reliability, suggesting its potential utility for assessing parental self-efficacy in food allergy management.