# Plant-derived nutritional components in thyroid disease-related neuropsychiatric disorders: mechanistic insights and advances **Authors:** Zihan Zhang, Meng-Xiang Xu, Nana Wang, Ruilin Shen, Jiayu Sun, Min Zha, Meizi Wang PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1695902 · Frontiers in Nutrition · 2026-02-19 ## TL;DR This paper explores how plant-based nutrients might help with mental and emotional issues caused by thyroid diseases, beyond traditional treatments. ## Contribution The paper reviews recent insights into how plant-derived components may modulate biological pathways in thyroid-related neuropsychiatric disorders. ## Key findings - Plant-based nutrients may modulate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in thyroid disease. - They could support neurotransmitter balance and blood–brain barrier integrity. - More clinical studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and target specific patient groups. ## Abstract Plant-derived nutritional components represent a promising adjunctive strategy for addressing neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disorders. Although conventional hormone replacement normalizes biochemical parameters, many patients continue to experience neurocognitive impairment and affective symptoms, underscoring the complexity of thyroid–brain axis regulation. This review synthesizes recent advances on how plant-based nutritional approaches may modulate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter homeostasis, and blood–brain barrier integrity, and evaluates their emerging clinical applicability and existing evidence gaps. Overall, plant-based interventions may complement standard therapy and improve neuropsychiatric outcomes, though larger prospective studies are needed to clarify their efficacy and identify suitable patient subgroups. ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** IL1B (interleukin 1 beta) [NCBI Gene 3553] {aka IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, IL1beta}, CALB1 (calbindin 1) [NCBI Gene 793] {aka CALB, D-28K}, TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) [NCBI Gene 7054] {aka DYT14, DYT5b, TYH}, SLC16A2 (solute carrier family 16 member 2) [NCBI Gene 6567] {aka AHDS, DXS128, DXS128E, MCT 7, MCT 8, MCT7}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, DIO2 (iodothyronine deiodinase 2) [NCBI Gene 1734] {aka 5DII, D2, DIOII, SELENOY, SelY, TXDI2}, Ocln (occludin) [NCBI Gene 18260] {aka Ocl}, TG (thyroglobulin) [NCBI Gene 7038] {aka AITD3, TGN}, SLCO1C1 (solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1) [NCBI Gene 53919] {aka OATP-F, OATP-RP5, OATP1, OATP14, OATP1C1, OATPF}, Cldn5 (claudin 5) [NCBI Gene 12741] {aka MBEC1, Tmvcf}, THRA (thyroid hormone receptor alpha) [NCBI Gene 7067] {aka AR7, CHNG6, EAR7, ERB-T-1, ERBA, ERBA1}, TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) [NCBI Gene 7200] {aka Pro-TRH, TRF}, TPO (thyroid peroxidase) [NCBI Gene 7173] {aka MSA, TDH2A, TPX}, COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 1312] {aka HEL-S-98n}, THRB (thyroid hormone receptor beta) [NCBI Gene 7068] {aka C-ERBA-2, C-ERBA-BETA, ERBA2, GRTH, NR1A2, PRTH}, NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 4780] {aka IMDDHH, NRF2, Nrf-2}, TRB (T cell receptor beta locus) [NCBI Gene 6957] {aka TCRB, TRB@}, DIO1 (iodothyronine deiodinase 1) [NCBI Gene 1733] {aka 5DI, THMA2, TXDI1}, SELENOP (selenoprotein P) [NCBI Gene 6414] {aka SELP, SEPP, SEPP1, SeP}, DIO3 (iodothyronine deiodinase 3) [NCBI Gene 1735] {aka 5DIII, D3, DIOIII, TXDI3}, TRA (T cell receptor alpha locus) [NCBI Gene 6955] {aka IMD7, TCRA, TRA@}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2} - **Diseases:** sleep disruption (MESH:D019958), central nervous system dysfunction (MESH:D002493), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), anxiety (MESH:D001007), Alzheimer's disease (MESH:D000544), irritability (MESH:D001523), Dysbiosis (MESH:D064806), iodine insufficiency (MESH:D000309), cancer (MESH:D009369), sleep disturbances (MESH:D012893), anhedonia (MESH:D059445), oxidative injury (MESH:D014947), autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (MESH:D007249), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (MESH:D050031), Cholinergic (MESH:C535672), mood lability (MESH:D005166), neurocognitive deficits (MESH:D009461), thyroid (MESH:D013966), autoimmune flares (MESH:D000067251), fatigue (MESH:D005221), neuropsychiatric manifestations (MESH:D012877), cognitive and mood symptoms (MESH:D019954), thyroid-related cognitive complaints (MESH:D000084202), Hyperthyroidism (MESH:D006980), Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (MESH:C537047), low mood (MESH:D019964), autoimmune conditions (MESH:D001327), toxicity (MESH:D064420), imbalance (MESH:D000137), restlessness (MESH:D011595), neurocognitive impairment (MESH:D019965), congenital hypothyroidism (MESH:D003409), neuropsychiatric (MESH:C000631768), deficits in IQ, attention, and language acquisition (MESH:D001289), endocrine diseases (MESH:D004700), thyroid-brain axis dysfunction (MESH:D001927), intellectual disability (MESH:D008607), thyroid cancer (MESH:D013964), MD (MESH:D007161), Deficiency (MESH:D007153), Hypothyroidism (MESH:D007037), psychomotor retardation (MESH:D011596), tremors (MESH:D014202), cognitive and emotional deficits (MESH:D003072), neurological impairment (MESH:D009422), brain fog (MESH:D005222), deficits in memory and executive function (MESH:D008569), maternal (MESH:D000079262), panic attacks (MESH:D016584), neural instability (MESH:D043171), neurodevelopmental disorder (MESH:D002658), manic (MESH:D001714), dementia (MESH:D003704), thyrotoxicosis (MESH:C566386), adrenergic hypersensitivity (MESH:D004342), thyroid-related neurofunctional impairment (MESH:C564098), neuronal injury (MESH:D009410), AITD (MESH:D013967), Thyroid disorders (MESH:D013959), depression (MESH:D003866) - **Chemicals:** Sulforaphane (MESH:C016766), lipid hydroperoxides (MESH:D008054), polysaccharides (MESH:D011134), omega-3 fatty acids (MESH:D015525), cortisol (MESH:D006854), salidroside (MESH:C009172), DA (MESH:C025953), salt (MESH:D012492), oxygen (MESH:D010100), EGCG (MESH:C045651), Withanolides (MESH:D054358), iodide (MESH:D007454), Indole-3-carbinol (MESH:C016517), hydroxytyrosol (MESH:C005975), GABA (MESH:D005680), glucosinolates (MESH:D005961), iron (MESH:D007501), catechins (MESH:D002392), goitrin (MESH:C004333), carotenoids (MESH:D002338), glucoraphanin (MESH:C119494), Selenium (MESH:D012643), SCN- (MESH:C031760), vitamin K (MESH:D014812), catecholamine (MESH:D002395), Adaptogens (-), Levothyroxine (MESH:D013974), hydrogen peroxide (MESH:D006861), diiodothyronine (MESH:D004104), Olive oil (MESH:D000069463), TSH (MESH:D013972), Curcumin (MESH:D003474), rosavin (MESH:C529148), glucose (MESH:D005947), 5-HT (MESH:D012701), SCFA (MESH:D005232), DHA (MESH:C027493), calcium (MESH:D002118), ROS (MESH:D017382), Folic acid (MESH:D005492), dopamine (MESH:D004298), T3 (MESH:D014284), anthocyanins (MESH:D000872), lipid (MESH:D008055), oleocanthal (MESH:C503534), Iodine (MESH:D007455), polyphenol (MESH:D059808), ATP (MESH:D000255), glutathione (MESH:D005978) - **Species:** Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil, species) [taxon 204149], Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards, varietas) [taxon 3713], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Withania somnifera (ashwagandha, species) [taxon 126910], Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng, species) [taxon 4054], Schisandra (genus) [taxon 13673], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Rhodiola rosea (rose-root, species) [taxon 203015], Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts, varietas) [taxon 178616], PX clade (clade) [taxon 569578], Brassica oleracea var. italica (asparagus broccoli, varietas) [taxon 36774] - **Mutations:** Thr92Ala, D28K ## Full text _Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12960140/full.md ## Figures 2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12960140/full.md ## References 289 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12960140/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12960140