# Clinical Application of Peripheral Blood Biomarkers for Solid Tumors

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how blood-based biomarkers can offer a less invasive and more accurate way to detect and monitor solid tumors, with the help of new technologies like AI.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the clinical utility and recent advances in peripheral blood biomarkers for solid tumors.

## Key findings

- Peripheral blood biomarkers offer a dynamic and minimally invasive approach for cancer detection and monitoring.
- Advances in detection technologies and AI are enhancing the clinical application of these biomarkers.
- Key biomarkers include circulating tumor DNA, cells, and extracellular vesicles, among others.

## Abstract

The growing emphasis on precision medicine in the management of solid tumors has underscored the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches, which often lack sufficient sensitivity or rely on invasive procedures. In contrast, peripheral blood biomarkers provide a minimally invasive, dynamic, and potentially more accurate means for cancer detection and monitoring. The enhancement of detection technology has enabled the incorporation of an increasing number of biomarkers into exploratory clinical trials, which, in turn, have demonstrated immense clinical utility. However, numerous hurdles remain before these biomarkers can be applied in a real clinical setting. This review comprehensively summarizes the clinical utility of key blood‐based biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, cell‐free RNA, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and proteins. We discuss their biological characteristics, detection methodologies, and recent advances in their clinical applications. Moreover, we highlight the emerging role of new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) in decoding complex data and facilitating clinical decision‐making. It is expected to establish the overarching concept of the blood biomarker panel and to understand its comparative advantages, which are essential to realize its potential in precision oncology.

Peripheral blood biomarkers provide a minimally invasive, dynamic, and potentially more accurate means to obtain a comprehensive tumor profile. Technologies for detecting them are advancing, and with the help of artificial intelligence, they are being used more and more often for cancer diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and therapeutic monitoring.