# Pay gaps in the National Health Service: Gender and sexuality

## TL;DR

This study examines pay gaps in the NHS in England, focusing on how gender and sexual identity affect earnings, particularly for LGB+ employees.

## Contribution

The paper introduces rare analysis of pay gaps considering LGB+ identity and workplace disclosure in the NHS.

## Key findings

- LGB+ employees who disclose their identity tend to earn more, especially men.
- Pay differences are linked to the returns on the endowments of LGB+ employees.
- There is significant variation in pay outcomes within the LGB+ group.

## Abstract

Studies investigating the relationship between gender, sexual identity and pay have increased in number and scope over the last three decades, enabling a greater understanding of the outcomes facing LGB+ workers in the labour market. Pay gap studies that also allow for the disclosure of sexual identity in the workplace are, however, very rare. Using a rich survey of employees from the National Health Service in England, this article considers the relationship between relative pay, LGB+ identity, and disclosure for both men and women. While the findings reveal substantial heterogeneity within the LGB + , disclosure is shown to be related to higher pay from larger returns on the endowments of LGB+ employees (men or women), especially so for men.